Process for production of on specification group III/III+ base oils while preserving base oil yield
The present invention describes a process for the production of base oils having a viscosity of greater than 4 centistokes from waste oils originating from industrial use or engine use, said process using a novel configuration for efficient and effective processing.
1. A novel configuration for the processing of waste oil into a Group III/III+ base stock comprising:
a) feeding a used oil feedstock into a fractionator to provide a base oil stream and a gas oil stream;
b) feeding said gas oil stream to a hydrotreatment reactor to provide a hydrotreated full-range diesel stream;
c) feeding said base oil stream to a base oil reactor to provide an upgraded base oil stream;
d) processing said upgraded base oil stream and said hydrotreated full-range diesel stream in a two-step fractionation process wherein said upgraded base oil stream and said hydrotreated full range diesel stream are first atmospherically fractionated and subsequently vacuum fractionated; and
wherein said two-step fractionation process provides an ultra-low sulfur diesel stream, a naphtha stream, a jet fuel stream, and a plurality of upgraded base oil streams each having a viscosity of greater than 4 centistokes.
2. The process of claim 1 wherein said base oil stream from step a) is processed in a solvent extraction unit prior to being fed to said base oil reactor in step c).
3. The process of claim 1 wherein said plurality of upgraded base oil streams have a viscosity of greater than 6 centistokes.
4. The process of claim 1 wherein said base oil reactor from step c) comprises:
a) contacting said base oil stream in the presence of hydrogen with a hydrodemetallization catalyst; and
(b) contacting the effluent of step (a) in the presence of hydrogen with a hydrotreating catalyst.
5. The process of claim 1 wherein said base oil reactor from step c) comprises:
a) contacting said base oil stream in the presence of hydrogen with a hydrodemetallization catalyst;
(b) contacting the effluent of step (a) in the presence of hydrogen with a hydrotreating catalyst,
(c) contacting the effluent of step (b) in the presence of hydrogen with a dewaxing catalyst; and
(d) contacting the effluent of step (c) in the presence of hydrogen with a hydrotreating catalyst.
6. The process of claim 1 wherein said base oil reactor from step c) comprises between 1 and 8 hydrotreating beds.
7. The process of claim 1 wherein said base oil reactor from step c) comprises between 1 and 3 hydrotreating beds.
8. The process of claim 1 wherein said base oil reactor from step c) operates at a temperature between 200° C. and 400° C., a pressure between 5.0 MPa and 30.0 MPa, and an LHSV between 0.1 h −1 and 10 h −1 .
9. The process of claim 1 wherein said base oil reactor from step c) operates at a temperature between 200° C. and 400° C., a pressure between 5.0 MPa and 30.0 MPa, and an LHSV between 0.1 h −1 and 10 h −1 , and further wherein the demetallization catalyst has a Group VIIIB metal content between 1 wt % and 10 wt % and a Group VIB metal content between 2 wt % and 15 wt %.
10. The process of claim 1 wherein a dewaxing catalyst is used in said base oil reactor in step c).
11. The process of claim 1 wherein said atmospheric fractionation in step d) is performed at pressures of between 0 to 2.0 MPa and at temperatures between 65° C. to 370° C.
12. The process of claim 1 wherein said vacuum fractionation in step d) is performed at pressures between 7 mmHg (abs) to 760 mmHg (abs) and at temperatures between 65° C. to 370° C.
13. The process of claim 1 wherein said base oil reactor from step c) operates at a pressure of 3.5 to 10.0 MPa, an LHSV of 0.05 to 5 h −1 , a H 2 /hydrocarbon ratio of 100 to 5000 Nm 3 /m 3 of feed, a temperature of between 200 to 400° C., and a minimum hydrogen partial pressure of 2.5 MPa.
14. The process of claim 1 wherein said hydrotreatment reactor from step b) operates at a pressure of between 4.0 to 5.5 MPa, an LHSV of 0.1 to 1 h −1 , a H 2 /hydrocarbon ratio of 100 to 5000 Nm 3 /m 3 of feed, a temperature between 300 to 400° C. (572 to 752° F.) and a minimum hydrogen partial pressure of 2.5 MPa.
15. The process of claim 1 wherein said hydrotreatment reactor from step b) utilizes catalyst comprising at least one Group VIII metal and at least one Group VIB metal.
16. The process of claim 1 wherein the catalyst utilized in said hydrotreatment reactor from step b) is either a bulk catalyst or a supported catalyst.
17. The process of claim 1 wherein said base oil reactor in step c) is operated between 0 MPa and 8.0 MPa higher than said hydrotreatment reactor in step b).
18. A novel configuration for the processing of waste oil into a Group III/III+ base stock comprising:
a) feeding a used oil feedstock into a fractionator to provide a base oil stream and a gas oil stream;
b) feeding said base oil stream to a base oil reactor to provide an upgraded base oil stream;
c) processing said upgraded base oil stream and said hydrotreated full-range diesel stream in a two-step fractionation process wherein said upgraded base oil stream and said hydrotreated full range diesel stream are first atmospherically fractionated and subsequently vacuum fractionated; and
wherein said two-step fractionation process provides an ultra-low sulfur diesel stream, a naphtha stream, a jet fuel stream, and a plurality of upgraded base oil streams each having a viscosity of greater than 4 centistokes.