Gel electrolyte composite including ionic liquid and zwitterionic polymer scaffold
A gel electrolyte composite containing a nonvolatile electrolyte and a zwitterionic polymer scaffold in which the non-volatile electrolyte is a non-lithium-containing ionic liquid, a sodium-containing ionic liquid, or a lithium-containing ionic liquid and the zwitterionic polymer scaffold is formed from one or more zwitterionic monomers only or both one or more zwitterionic monomers and one or more non-zwitterionic monomers. The zwitterionic polymer scaffold contains 8 mol % or higher of zwitterions relative to the total content of the gel electrolyte composite when the nonvolatile electrolyte is a non-lithium-containing ionic liquid, and contains 1 mol % or higher of zwitterions relative to the total content of the gel electrolyte composite when the nonvolatile electrolyte is a sodium-containing ionic liquid or a lithium-containing ionic liquid. Also disclosed are a method of preparing the above-described gel electrolyte composite and an electrochemical energy storage device containing same.
1. A gel electrolyte composite comprising:
a nonvolatile electrolyte, and
a zwitterionic polymer scaffold,
wherein the nonvolatile electrolyte comprises Li(G4)-TFSI, a mixture of LiTFSI and EMI-TFSI, EMI-TFSI, or a mixture of NaTFSI and BMP-TFSI;
the zwitterionic polymer scaffold comprises a polymer formed from a molar ratio of:
a) about 1:1 or about 1:3 of sulfobetaine vinylimidazole (SBVI) and 2-methacryloyloxyethyl phosphorylcholine (MPC); or
b) about 1:5 of sulfobetaine methacrylate (SBMA) and MPC.
2. The gel electrolyte composite of claim 1 , wherein the zwitterionic polymer scaffold contains 10 mol % or higher of zwitterions relative to the total content of the gel electrolyte composite.
3. The gel electrolyte composite of claim 1 , wherein the zwitterionic polymer scaffold contains 20 mol % or higher of zwitterions relative to the total content of the gel electrolyte composite.
4. The gel electrolyte composite of claim 1 , wherein the nonvolatile electrolyte constitutes 1-99 vol % of the gel electrolyte composite and the zwitterionic polymer scaffold constitutes 1-99 vol % of the gel electrolyte composite.
5. The gel electrolyte composite of claim 1 , wherein the nonvolatile electrolyte constitutes 50-99 vol % of the gel electrolyte composite and the zwitterionic polymer scaffold constitutes 1-50 vol % of the gel electrolyte composite.
6. The gel electrolyte composite of claim 1 , wherein the nonvolatile electrolyte constitutes 60-95 vol % of the gel electrolyte composite and the zwitterionic polymer scaffold constitutes 5-40 vol % of the gel electrolyte composite.
7. The gel electrolyte composite of claim 1 , wherein the nonvolatile electrolyte comprises Li(G4)-TFSI or the mixture of LiTFSI and EMI-TFSI; and the zwitterionic polymer scaffold contains 1 mol % or higher of zwitterions relative to the total content of the gel electrolyte composite.
8. The gel electrolyte composite of claim 1 , wherein the nonvolatile electrolyte does not comprise Li(G4)-TFSI or the mixture of LiTFSI and EMI-TFSI; and the zwitterionic polymer scaffold contains 8 mol % or higher of zwitterions relative to the total content of the gel electrolyte composite.
9. The gel electrolyte composite of claim 1 , wherein the nonvolatile electrolyte comprises Li(G4)-TFSI.
10. The gel electrolyte composite of claim 1 , wherein the nonvolatile electrolyte comprises EMI-TFSI.
11. The gel electrolyte composite of claim 1 , wherein the nonvolatile electrolyte comprises the mixture of LiTFSI and EMI-TFSI.
12. The gel electrolyte composite of claim 1 , wherein the nonvolatile electrolyte comprises the mixture of NaTFSI and BMP-TFSI.
13. The gel electrolyte composite of claim 1 , wherein the zwitterionic polymer scaffold is formed from the molar ratio of about 1:5 of SBMA and MPC.
14. The gel electrolyte composite of claim 1 , wherein the zwitterionic polymer scaffold is formed from the molar ratio of about 1:1 of SBVI and MPC.
15. The gel electrolyte composite of claim 1 , wherein the zwitterionic polymer scaffold is formed from the molar ratio of about 1:3 of SBVI and MPC.
16. An electrochemical energy storage device, comprising the gel electrolyte composite of claim 1 , wherein the nonvolatile electrolyte constitutes 50-99 vol % of the gel electrolyte composite and the zwitterionic polymer scaffold constitutes 1-50 vol % of the gel electrolyte composite.
17. The electrochemical energy storage device of claim 16 , wherein the storage device is a lithium-ion battery, a lithium metal battery, a sodium-ion battery, or a supercapacitor.
18. The electrochemical energy storage device of claim 17 , wherein the storage device is a sodium-ion battery.