Treatment of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS)

1. A modulatory polynucleotide which interferes with expression of a superoxide dismutase 1 (SOD1) gene, the modulatory polynucleotide comprising a sense strand sequence and an antisense strand sequence of an siRNA duplex, wherein each of the sense strand sequence and each of the antisense strand sequence is 30 nucleotides or less in length, and wherein

(a) the sense strand sequence comprises the nucleotide sequence of SEQ ID NO: 25; and

(b) the antisense strand sequence comprises the nucleotide sequence of SEQ ID NO: 7.

2. The modulatory polynucleotide of claim 1 , wherein the nucleotide sequence encoding the sense strand sequence comprises the nucleotide sequence of SEQ ID NO: 83, and wherein the nucleotide sequence encoding the antisense strand sequence comprises the nucleotide sequence of SEQ ID NO: 104.

3. The modulatory polynucleotide of claim 1 , wherein the sense strand sequence and the antisense strand sequence are, independently, 21 nucleotides in length.

4. The modulatory polynucleotide of claim 1 , wherein at least one of the sense strand sequence and the antisense strand sequence comprise a 3′ overhang of at least 1 or 2 nucleotides.

5. An adeno-associated virus (AAV) viral genome comprising a nucleic acid sequence positioned between two inverted terminal repeats (ITRs), wherein said nucleic acid sequence encodes the modulatory polynucleotide of claim 1 .

6. A recombinant adeno-associated virus (AAV) comprising the AAV viral genome of claim 5 , and an AAV capsid protein.

7. The recombinant AAV of claim 6 , wherein the AAV capsid protein is an AAVrh10 capsid protein or a variant thereof, an AAV5 capsid protein or a variant thereof, or an AAV9 capsid protein or a variant thereof.

8. A pharmaceutical composition comprising the recombinant AAV of claim 6 , and a pharmaceutically acceptable excipient.

9. The modulatory polynucleotide of claim 1 , which further comprises:

(a) a 5′ flanking region;

(b) a loop region; and/or

(c) a 3′ flanking region.

10. The modulatory polynucleotide of claim 9 , wherein:

(i) the 5′ flanking region comprises the nucleotide sequence of SEQ ID NO: 47;

(ii) the loop region comprises the nucleotide sequence of SEQ ID NO: 50; and

(iii) the 3′ flanking region comprises the nucleotide sequence of SEQ ID NO: 54.

11. The modulatory polynucleotide of claim 1 , wherein the nucleotide sequence encoding the modulatory polynucleotide comprises the nucleotide sequence of SEQ ID NO: 62.

12. The AAV viral genome of claim 5 , which further comprises:

(i) a promoter;

(ii) an enhancer;

(iii) an intron;

(iv) a filler sequence; and/or

(v) a poly A signal sequence.

13. The AAV viral genome of claim 12 , wherein the promoter comprises an H1 promoter.

14. A cell comprising the AAV viral genome of claim 5 .

15. The cell of claim 14 , wherein the cell is an insect cell, a mammalian cell, or a bacterial cell.

16. A vector comprising the AAV viral genome of claim 5 .