Approach for universal monitoring of minimal residual disease in acute myeloid leukemia

1. A method of treating minimal residual disease in acute myeloid leukemia in a subject who has been diagnosed previously with acute myeloid leukemia, the method comprising:

a) contacting a bone marrow sample from the subject with a plurality of probes, wherein:

i) each probe specifically binds to a single marker;

ii) the markers are two or more of CD9, CD18, CD25, CD32, CD44, CD47, CD52, CD54, CD59, CD64, CD68, CD86, CD93, CD96, CD97, CD99, CD123, CD200, CD300a, CLEC12A, CX3CR1 and Tim-3; and

b) detecting, by flow cytometry, a complex formed between each probe and corresponding marker in a), wherein a value is generated corresponding to an expression level of each of the markers;

c) diagnosing whether the subject has minimal residual disease in acute myeloid leukemia based on the generated values corresponding to the expression level of the markers; and

d) administering an effective amount of a chemotherapy for treating acute myeloid leukemia to the subject diagnosed previously with acute myeloid leukemia and identified as having minimal residual disease in acute myeloid leukemia, thereby treating minimal residual disease in acute myeloid leukemia.

2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the markers are two or more of CD9, CD32, CD44, CD52, CD54, CD59, CD64, CD68, CD86, CD93, CD96, CD97, CD99, CD123, CX3CR1 and Tim-3.

3. The method of claim 1 , wherein the markers are CD54, CD18, CD96, CD97 and CD99.

4. The method of claim 1 , wherein the markers are CD44, CD54, CD18, CD96, CD97 and CD99.

5. The method of claim 1 , wherein the plurality of probes is a first set of probes that specifically bind to:

a) CD52;

b) CD59, CD96, or CD300a;

c) TIM3;

d) CD200; and

e) CD123; and

further comprising a second set of probes that specifically bind to:

a) CD34;

b) CD117;

c) CD33; and

d) CD45.

6. The method of claim 1 , wherein the plurality of probes is a first set of probes that specifically bind to:

a) CD9;

b) CD93, CD99, or CLEC12A;

c) CD44;

d) CD32; and

e) CD25; and

further comprising a second set of probes that specifically bind to:

a) CD34;

b) CD117;

c) CD33; and

d) CD45.

7. The method of claim 1 , wherein the plurality of probes is a first set of probes that specifically bind to:

a) CD97;

b) CD54, CD68, or CX3CR1;

c) CD64;

d) CD86; and

e) CD47; and

further comprising a second set of probes that specifically bind to:

a) CD34;

b) CD117;

c) CD33; and

d) CD45.

8. The method of claim 1 , wherein the plurality of probes is a first set of probes that specifically bind to:

a) CD54;

b) CD18;

c) CD96;

d) CD97; and

e) CD99; and

further comprising a second set of probes that specifically bind to:

a) CD34;

b) CD117;

c) CD33; and

d) CD45.

9. The method of claim 1 , wherein the plurality of probes is a first set of probes that specifically bind to:

a) CD44;

b) CD54;

c) CD18;

d) CD96; and

e) CD97 and CD99; and

further comprising a second set of probes that specifically bind to:

a) CD34;

b) CD117;

c) CD33; and

d) CD45.

10. The method of claim 1 , wherein one or more of the probes is an antibody that specifically binds to a single marker.

11. The method of claim 1 , wherein the value generated is fluorescence intensity.

12. The method of claim 1 , wherein the value generated is mean fluorescence intensity or median fluorescence intensity.

13. The method of claim 1 , further comprising contacting the bone marrow sample with a phosphate buffered saline (PBS)-saponin-based permeabilization reagent to permeabilize a cell membrane prior to contacting the bone marrow sample from the subject with a plurality of probes.

14. The method of claim 1 , wherein the bone marrow sample comprises one or more of blood cells, bone marrow, and cellular products derived from blood cells or bone marrow cells.

15. The method of claim 1 , further comprising contacting the bone marrow sample with one or more probes that specifically detect one or more genes of Table 2 or Table 3.

16. A method of treating minimal residual disease in acute myeloid leukemia in a subject who has been diagnosed previously with acute myeloid leukemia, the method comprising:

a) contacting a bone marrow sample from the subject with a plurality of probes, wherein:

i) each probe specifically binds to a single marker;

ii) the markers are two or more of CD9, CD18, CD25, CD32, CD44, CD47, CD52, CD54, CD59, CD64, CD68, CD86, CD93, CD96, CD97, CD99, CD123, CD200, CD300a, CLEC12A, CX3CR1 and Tim-3; and

b) detecting, by flow cytometry, a complex formed between each probe and corresponding marker in a), wherein a value is generated corresponding to an expression level of each of the markers;

c) diagnosing whether the subject has minimal residual disease in acute myeloid leukemia based on the generated values corresponding to the expression level of the markers; and

d) administering an effective amount of a radiation therapy, a stem cell transplantation, or a biological therapy for treating acute myeloid leukemia to the subject diagnosed previously with acute myeloid leukemia and identified as having minimal residual disease in acute myeloid leukemia, thereby treating minimal residual disease in acute myeloid leukemia.

17. The method of claim 16 , wherein the plurality of probes is a first set of probes that specifically bind to:

a) CD52;

b) CD59, CD96, or CD300a;

c) TIM3;

d) CD200; and

e) CD123; and

further comprising a second set of probes that specifically bind to:

a) CD34;

b) CD117;

c) CD33; and

d) CD45.

18. The method of claim 16 , wherein the plurality of probes is a first set of probes that specifically bind to:

a) CD9;

b) CD93, CD99, or CLEC12A;

c) CD44;

d) CD32; and

e) CD25; and

further comprising a second set of probes that specifically bind to:

a) CD34;

b) CD117;

c) CD33; and

d) CD45.

19. The method of claim 16 , wherein the plurality of probes is a first set of probes that specifically bind to:

a) CD97;

b) CD54, CD68, or CX3CR1;

c) CD64;

d) CD86; and

e) CD47; and

further comprising a second set of probes that specifically bind to:

a) CD34;

b) CD117;

c) CD33; and

d) CD45.

20. The method of claim 16 , wherein the plurality of probes is a first set of probes that specifically bind to:

a) CD54;

b) CD18;

c) CD96;

d) CD97; and

e) CD99; and

further comprising a second set of probes that specifically bind to:

a) CD34;

b) CD117;

c) CD33; and

d) CD45.