Ultra-hard carbon film from epitaxial two-layer graphene
An ultra-hard carbon film is formed by the uniaxial compression of thin films of graphene. The graphene films are two or three layers thick (2-L or 3-L). High pressure compression forms a diamond-like film and provides improved properties to the coated substrates.
1. A composition of matter comprising:
a silicon carbide substrate having a surface; and
an ultra-hard diamond-like carbon film, formed from compressed graphene, disposed on the surface, wherein the ultra-hard diamond-like carbon film is between 4 Å and 10 Å thick and has a hardness greater than 100 GPa.
2. The composition of matter as recited in claim 1 , wherein the ultra-hard diamond-like carbon film is between 4 Å and 7 Å thick.
3. The composition of matter as recited in claim 1 , wherein the ultra-hard diamond-like carbon film is between 4 Å and 6 Å thick.
4. The composition of matter as recited in claim 1 , wherein the ultra-hard diamond-like carbon film is optically transparent.
5. The composition of matter as recited in claim 1 , wherein the composition of matter coats a protective armor.
6. The composition of matter as recited in claim 5 , wherein the protective armor is a protective vest.
7. The composition of matter as recited in claim 5 , wherein the protective armor is a protective helmet.
8. The composition of matter as recited in claim 1 , wherein the compressed graphene was formed by uniaxially compressing a graphene film to the surface of the silicon carbide with a pressure between 1 GPa and 10 GPa, wherein the graphene film had a thickness between 4 Å and 10 Å.
9. The composition of matter as recited in claim 8 , wherein the graphene film consists of two layers (2-L) of graphene.
10. The composition of matter as recited in claim 9 , wherein the two-layers (2-L) of graphene consist of a buffer layer of graphene that is contiguous with a monolayer of graphene, wherein the buffer layer of graphene is contiguous with the surface of the silicon carbide.
11. The composition of matter as recited in claim 9 , wherein the ultra-hard diamond-like carbon film has a Young's modulus greater than 0.3 TPa.
12. The composition of matter as recited in claim 9 , wherein the ultra-hard diamond-like carbon film has a Young's modulus greater than 1 TPa.
13. A method for producing an ultra-hard diamond-like carbon film, the method comprising:
uniaxially compressing a graphene film to a surface of silicon carbide with a pressure between 1 GPa and 10 GPa, wherein the graphene film has a thickness between 4 Å and 10 Å and consists of two layers (2-L) or three layers (3-L) of graphene, thereby forming the ultra-hard diamond-like carbon film with a thickness between 4 Å and 10 Å and a hardness greater than 100 GPa.
14. The method as recited in claim 13 , wherein the graphene film consists of two layers (2-L) of graphene.
15. The method as recited in claim 13 , wherein the ultra-hard diamond-like carbon film is optically transparent.
16. The method as recited in claim 13 , wherein the compressing applies a force between 30 nanonewtons and 900 nanonewtons.
17. The method as recited in claim 13 , wherein the graphene film has a thickness between 4 Å and 6 Å.
18. The method as recited in claim 13 , wherein the uniaxially compressing transforms the graphene film to the ultra-hard diamond-like carbon film such that the ultra-hard diamond-like carbon film, relative to the graphene film, increases in hardness by at least 75 GPa to produce the hardness greater than 100 GPa.