Surfactants from long-chain carbon-containing molecules
Compositions of furan based surfactants derived from unsaturated carbon-containing molecules, such as fatty acids, as well as methods for forming furan based surfactants from unsaturated carbon-containing molecules, such as fatty acids, are disclosed herein. These compositions and methods can utilize long-chain (e.g., C14-C26) unsaturated carbon-containing molecules, for instance unsaturated fatty acids such as oleic acid or methyl oleate from soybean oil, to derive oleo-furan surfactants. To facilitate this, certain such embodiments include reaction steps that cleave the reactant molecule (e.g., methyl oleate) at the double bond and subsequently oxidize products to form a carboxylic acid molecule and a dicarboxylic acid molecule. In such embodiments, these two acids can be subsequently acylated with furan and functionalized to form surfactants.
1. A method of forming a surfactant, the method comprising:
cleaving a long-chain unsaturated carbon-containing molecule to generate a carbon-containing molecule;
oxidizing the carbon-containing molecule to form at least one of a monocarboxylic acid molecule and a dicarboxylic acid molecule;
acylating the at least one of the monocarboxylic acid molecule and the dicarboxylic acid molecule with a furan-based molecule to form a furan compound; and
forming a surfactant from the furan compound.
2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the long-chain unsaturated carbon-containing molecule has a chain length of C 14 to C 26 .
3. The method of claim 2 , wherein the long-chain unsaturated carbon-containing molecule is a long-chain unsaturated fatty acid.
4. The method of claim 2 , wherein the long-chain unsaturated carbon-containing molecule is selected from the group consisting of: oleic acid and methyl oleate.
5. The method of claim 1 , wherein oxidizing the carbon-containing molecule forms each of a monocarboxylic acid molecule and a dicarboxylic acid molecule, and wherein each of the monocarboxylic acid molecule and the dicarboxylic acid molecule are acylated with the furan-based molecule to form the furan compound.
6. The method of claim 1 , wherein the furan-based molecule is selected from the group consisting of: furan and methylfuran.
7. The method of claim 1 , further comprising:
esterification of oleic acid to form methyl oleate, and wherein methyl oleate is the long-chain unsaturated carbon-containing molecule cleaved to generate the carbon-containing molecule.
8. The method of claim 1 , further comprising:
transesterification of a triglyceride with methanol to form methyl oleate, and wherein methyl oleate is the long-chain unsaturated carbon-containing molecule cleaved to generate the carbon-containing molecule.
9. The method of claim 1 , wherein cleaving the long-chain unsaturated carbon-containing molecule to generate the carbon-containing molecule comprises an olefin metathesis.
10. The method of claim 1 , wherein oxidizing the carbon-containing molecule to form the at least one of a monocarboxylic acid molecule and a dicarboxylic acid molecule comprises ozonolysis of the carbon-containing molecule in the presence of hydrogen peroxide.
11. The method of claim 1 , wherein the surfactant formed from the furan compound is an oleo-furan surfactant.
12. The method of claim 1 , wherein the surfactant is formed from the furan compound by functionalizing the furan compound with a hydrophilic group.
13. The method of claim 1 , wherein the long-chain unsaturated carbon-containing molecule is cleaved at a double bond of the long-chain unsaturated carbon-containing molecule.
14. The method of claim 1 , wherein the long-chain unsaturated carbon-containing molecule cleaved to generate the carbon-containing molecule is a long-chain unsaturated fatty acid derived from soybean oil.