Drug-induced activation of the Reelin signaling system
Disclosed herein are compounds for activating the Reelin signaling system for the treatment of neurological disorders. Further provided are compounds and methods for activating a lipoprotein receptor, such as ApoER2 or VLDLR.
1. A method of treating a disease or disorder of the central nervous system is a selected from a developmental disorder, a cognitive disorder, a degenerative disorder, a neuropsychiatric disorder, or traumatic brain injury in a subject in need thereof comprising, administering to the subject an effective amount of an agonist of a lipoprotein receptor, wherein the lipoprotein receptor is selected from ApoER2 and VLDLR, thereby improving cognitive function, increasing dendritic spine density, improving associative learning, improving special learning, or improving long-term potentiation of neurons, and wherein the agonist is a compound of Formula I′:
or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof,
wherein each R 1 is independently hydrogen, halogen, hydroxyl, alkoxyl, or alkyl;
n is an integer from 0 to 5;
W is C, CH, CH 2 , or O;
Q is C, CH, CH 2 , N, or NH;
Z is C═O, NH or CH 2 ;
Y is C═O, NH, or CH 2 , or Z and Y may together form a bicyclic ring; and
X is cycloalkyl, cycloakenyl, cycloalkynyl, heterocyclyl, aryl, or heteroaryl, and may be unsubstituted or substituted with (R 2 ) m , wherein each R 2 is independently hydrogen, halogen, hydroxyl, alkoxyl, or alkyl, and m is an integer from 0 to 5.
2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the disease or disorder of the central nervous system is the result of a Reelin deficiency.
3. The method of claim 2 , wherein the disease or disorder of the central nervous system is selected from Lissencephaly, fragile X syndrome, William's syndrome, Rett syndrome, Down's syndrome, Angelman syndrome, autism, ischemia, hypoxia, Alzheimer's disease, schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, neurodegeneration, traumatic brain injury, mental retardation, dementia, bipolar disorder, and stroke.
4. The method of claim 1 , wherein the lipoprotein receptor is ApoER2.
5. The method of claim 1 , wherein the lipoprotein receptor is VLDLR.
6. The method of claim 1 , wherein the compound is selected from the group consisting of:
or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.
7. A method of activating a lipoprotein receptor selected from ApoER2 and VLDLR in a subject in need thereof, the method comprising administering to the subject an agonist of the lipoprotein receptor, wherein the agonist is a compound of Formula I′:
or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof,
wherein each R 1 is independently hydrogen, halogen, hydroxyl, alkoxyl or alkyl;
n is an integer from 0 to 5;
W is C, CH, CH 2 , or O;
Q is C, CH, CH 2 , N, or NH; Z
is C═O, NH, or CH 2 ;
Y is C═O, NH, or CH 2 , or Z and Y may together firm a bicyclic ring; and
X is cycloalkyl, cycloalkenyl, cycloalkynyl, heterocyclyl, aryl, or heteroaryl and may be unsubstituted or substituted with (R 2 ) m , wherein each R 2 is independently hydrogen, halogen, hydroxyl, alkoxyl, or alkyl, and m is an integer from 0 to 5.
8. The method of claim 7 , wherein the compound is selected from the group consisting of:
or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.