Apparatus and method for separating out grains of seed, fertilizer or the like

1. An apparatus for separating out grains of seed or fertilizer, having a separating device that operates according to the positive-pressure principle, the separating device comprising:

a housing, having a housing base to be mounted on a frame or on a seeding row of an agricultural machine, and having a housing cover which is detachably arranged on the housing base for opening and closing a housing interior;

a grain sump which is configured to receive grains of seed or fertilizer which are introduced into the housing interior and which are to be separated out;

a separating disk which is rotatably mounted in the housing interior and has an arrangement of openings;

a positive-pressure region which can be formed, during operation, in the housing cover on a front side of the separating disk such that a flow can be formed from the positive-pressure region toward the rear side of the separating disk through the openings, and separated-out grains can thus be localized in the region of the openings or adjacent thereto;

a grain transfer device which is formed having a feed, a wall feedthrough, and an outlet on the housing cover, wherein the separated-out grains, after release from the separating disk, are introduced through the feed in the wall feedthrough and can be conveyed through said feed out of the housing interior via the outlet;

a grain receptacle arranged in the region of the feed, which grain receptacle defines a feed opening connected to the wall feedthrough for a grain inlet and is detachably arranged on the inside of the housing cover; and

a grain scraper arranged in the region of the feed of the grain transfer device, wherein the grain scraper is detachably arranged on the grain receptacle and configured to assist the release of the separated-out grains from the separating disk.

2. The apparatus according to claim 1 , characterized in that the grain transfer device is integrally molded on the housing cover.

3. The apparatus according to claim 1 , comprising a coupling device arranged at the outlet of the grain transfer device, which coupling device is configured to detachably couple a grain guide tube.

4. The apparatus according to claim 3 , characterized in that the coupling device is formed on a coupling component inserted through the outlet in the wall feedthrough.

5. The apparatus according to claim 3 , characterized in that the grain guide tube is detachably arranged on a support component.

6. The apparatus according to claim 3 , characterized in that the grain guide tube has a substantially round tube cross-section in a tube portion that is proximal with respect to the grain transfer device and a substantially oval tube cross-section in a tube portion that is distal with respect to the grain transfer device.

7. The apparatus according to claim 1 , comprising an inner wall portion arranged in the housing interior in the housing cover, which inner wall portion shields a grain transfer chamber upstream of the grain transfer device from the rest of the housing interior in the housing cover, the inner wall portion having a passage which is connected to a fluid feed of the housing such that a counterflow can be formed during operation by feeding a gaseous fluid through the passage in an opening via which the grain transfer space and the grain sump are connected, said counterflow counteracting the passage of grains out of the grain sump into the grain transfer chamber through the opening.

8. The apparatus according to claim 1 , characterized in that the separating disk is arranged in the housing cover in a rotatably mounted plate.

9. A seed meter comprising an apparatus according to claim 1 .

10. A seeding row comprising an apparatus according claim 1 .

11. A method for separating out grains of seed or fertilizer by means of a separating device that operates according to the positive-pressure principle, wherein in the method:

a housing is provided which has a housing base to be mounted on a frame or on a seeding row of an agricultural machine, and has a housing cover which is detachably arranged on the housing base for opening and closing a housing interior;

a grain sump receives grains of seed or fertilizer which are introduced into the housing interior and which are to be separated out;

a separating disk which is arranged in the housing interior and has an arrangement of openings is rotated;

a positive-pressure region is formed in the housing cover on a front side of the rotating separating disk such that a flow is formed from the positive-pressure region toward the rear side of the separating disk through the openings, and separated-out grains are thus localized in the region of the openings or adjacent thereto; and

the separated-out grains reach a grain transfer device after release from the separating disk, wherein the grain transfer device has a feed, a wall feedthrough, and an outlet on the housing cover, such that the separated-out grains, after release from the separating disk, can be introduced through the feed in the wall feedthrough and are conveyed through said feed out of the housing interior via the outlet,

wherein a grain receptacle is arranged in the region of the feed that defines a feed opening connected to the wall feedthrough for a grain inlet and is detachably arranged on the inside of the housing cover, and

wherein a grain scraper is arranged in the region of the feed of the grain transfer device, wherein the grain scraper is detachably arranged on the grain receptacle and configured to assist the release of the separated-out grains from the separating disk.

12. The method according to claim 11 , characterized in that the positive-pressure region in the housing interior is formed with a positive pressure of at least approximately 60 mbar.