Platform oncolytic vector for systemic delivery

1. An oncolytic virus, wherein the oncolytic virus comprises:

an exogenous nucleic acid that codes for a chemokine receptor or a functional variant thereof, wherein the exogenous nucleic acid that codes for the chemokine receptor or the functional variant thereof is inserted into a viral genome of the oncolytic virus, wherein the chemokine receptor comprises at least one of: a CXC receptor, a CC receptor, a CX3C receptor, and a XC receptor, or any combinations thereof, and wherein the chemokine receptor or the functional variant thereof induces cellular chemotaxis towards a chemokine ligand.

2. The oncolytic virus of claim 1 , further comprising at least one of:

an exogenous nucleic acid that codes for a cytokine or a functional variant thereof, or

an exogenous nucleic acid that codes for a chemokine or a functional variant thereof.

3. The oncolytic virus of claim 2 , wherein the chemokine receptor comprises at least one of: CXCR1, CXCR2, CXCR3, CXCR4, CXCR5, CXCR6, CXCR7, CCR1, CCR2, CCR3, CCR4, CCR5, CCR6, CCR7, CX3CR1, XCR1, or any combination thereof.

4. The oncolytic virus of claim 1 , wherein the chemokine receptor comprises the CXC receptor, and wherein the CXC receptor comprises CXCR4.

5. The oncolytic virus of claim 1 , further comprising a mutation or a deletion or a partial deletion of a viral gene selected from the group consisting of: F13L, A36R, A34R, B5R, A33R, B8R, B18R, SPI-1, SPI-2, B15R, VGF, E3L, K3L, A41L, K7R, NIL, and any combinations thereof.

6. The oncolytic virus of claim 1 , wherein the oncolytic virus comprises a poxvirus, an adeno associated virus, an adenovirus, a reovirus, a lentivirus, a herpes simplex virus, a vesicular stomatitis virus, a mengovirus, or a myxoma virus.

7. The oncolytic virus of claim 6 , wherein the oncolytic virus is the poxvirus, and wherein the poxvirus is a vaccinia virus.

8. The oncolytic virus of claim 1 , wherein the oncolytic virus comprises a mutation or a deletion or a partial deletion of a thymidine kinase gene.

9. An oncolytic virus comprising:

(a) an exogenous nucleic acid that codes for a chemokine receptor or a functional variant thereof, wherein the chemokine receptor is CXCR4 or a variant thereof, and wherein the chemokine receptor or the functional variant thereof induces cellular chemotaxis towards a chemokine ligand;

(b) a mutation, or deletion, or a partial deletion of viral gene A52R; and

(c) a mutation, or deletion, or a partial deletion of viral gene thymidine kinase.

10. An oncolytic virus comprising:

(a) an exogenous nucleic acid that codes for a chemokine receptor or a functional variant thereof, wherein the chemokine receptor is CCR2 or a variant thereof, and wherein the chemokine receptor or the functional variant thereof induces cellular chemotaxis towards a chemokine ligand;

(b) a mutation, or deletion, or a partial deletion of viral gene A52R; and

(c) a mutation, or deletion, or a partial deletion of viral gene thymidine kinase.

11. A method of treating a tumor, the method comprising administering to a subject a therapeutically effective amount of an oncolytic virus according to claim 1 .

12. The oncolytic virus of claim 1 , wherein the oncolytic virus is a poxvirus.

13. The oncolytic virus of claim 1 , wherein the oncolytic virus comprises a mutation or a deletion or a partial deletion of viral gene A52R.

14. The oncolytic virus of claim 1 , wherein the chemokine receptor comprises: CXCR1, CXCR2, CXCR3, CXCR4, CXCR5, CXCR6, CXCR7, CCR1, CCR2, CCR3, CCR4, CCR5, CCR6, CCR7, CX3CR1, or XCR1.

15. The oncolytic virus of claim 13 , wherein the oncolytic virus comprises the deletion of viral gene A52R.

16. The oncolytic virus of claim 1 , wherein the chemokine receptor comprises CXCR4 or a variant thereof, wherein the oncolytic virus is a vaccinia virus, and wherein the oncolytic virus comprises a deletion of viral gene A52R and viral gene thymidine kinase.

17. The oncolytic virus of claim 1 , wherein the chemokine receptor comprises CCR2 or a variant thereof, wherein the oncolytic virus is a vaccinia virus, and wherein the oncolytic virus comprises a deletion of viral gene A52R and viral gene thymidine kinase.

18. The oncolytic virus of claim 5 , wherein the mutation or deletion or partial deletion of the viral gene comprises a mutation of viral gene A34R.

19. The oncolytic virus of claim 18 , wherein the mutation of viral gene A34R comprises Lysine at residue 151 to Glutamic acid.

20. The oncolytic virus of claim 19 , wherein the chemokine receptor comprises CXCR1, CXCR2, CXCR3, CXCR4, CXCR5, CXCR6, CXCR7, CCR1, CCR2, CCR3, CCR4, CCR5, CCR6, CCR7, CX3CR1, or XCR1.

21. The oncolytic virus of claim 8 , wherein the deletion comprises a deletion of the thymidine kinase gene.

22. The oncolytic virus of claim 21 , further comprising a deletion of viral gene A52R.

23. The oncolytic virus of claim 1 , wherein the chemokine receptor or the functional variant thereof comprises a seven-transmembrane spanning structure for membrane association.

24. The oncolytic virus of claim 1 , wherein the chemokine receptor comprises the CC receptor, and wherein the CC receptor comprises CCR2.

25. The method of claim 11 , wherein the administration is intratumoral, intravenous, parenteral, intradermal, intramuscular, transdermal, rectal, intraurethral, intravaginal, intranasal, intrathecal, intraperitoneal. intradental, subcutaneous, percutaneous, intratracheal, intraarterial, intravesical, inhalation, or oral.

26. The method of claim 11 , wherein the administration is intratumoral.

27. The method of claim 11 , wherein the administration is intravenous.

28. The method of claim 11 , wherein the cancer is a solid tumor, a leukemia, or a lymphoma.

29. The method of claim 11 , wherein the cancer is a solid tumor.