Biomarkers for efficacy of prophylactic treatments against stress-induced affective disorders
Biomarkers for assessing the efficacy of prophylactic treatments of stress-induced affective disorders are provided.
1. A method for treating a subject for a stress-induced affective disorder or stress-induced psychopathology, the method comprising:
(a) administering or having administered a pharmaceutic composition comprising ketamine to the subject prior to a stressor;
(b) determining level of cytidine monophosphate in a biological sample obtained from the subject after step (a) and after the stressor; and
(c) comparing the level of cytidine monophosphate obtained in step (b) with the level of cytidine monophosphate in a control sample;
wherein the stress-induced affective disorder or stress-induced psychopathology is selected from the group consisting of depressive-like behavior and associated affective disorders, anhedonic behavior and associated affective disorders, anxiety and associated affective disorders, cognitive impairments and deficits and associated disorders, and combinations thereof.
2. The method of claim 1 , further comprising maintaining a treatment regime, when the level of cytidine monophosphate increases or decreases by at least 10% compared to its level in the control sample.
3. The method of claim 1 , further comprising adjusting a treatment regime, when the level of cytidine monophosphate is unchanged, or increases or decreases by less than 10%, compared to its level in the control sample.
4. The method of claim 1 , wherein the pharmaceutic composition is administered to the subject about 48 hours to about 3 weeks prior to the stressor.
5. The method of claim 1 , wherein the pharmaceutic composition is administered to the subject about 1 week prior to the stressor.
6. The method of claim 1 , wherein the pharmaceutic composition is administered to the subject once prior to the stressor.
7. The method of claim 1 , wherein the pharmaceutic composition is administered orally, intravenously, intranasally, or via injection to the subject.
8. The method of claim 2 , wherein the increase or decrease in the level of cytidine monophosphate is at least 50%.
9. The method of claim 2 , wherein the increase or decrease in the level of cytidine monophosphate ranges from about 30% to about 3-fold.
10. The method of claim 1 , wherein the biological sample is a plasma, serum, blood or urine sample.