Method and apparatus for analysing a gas chromatography elution peak
View Patent ↗Methods and systems for measuring, in a gas stream, an analyte concentration level from a gas chromatography elution peak outputted by a gas chromatography system are provided. The method includes receiving an analyte signal representative of the gas chromatography elution peak in the time domain, converting the analyte signal from the time-domain to the frequency domain, in the frequency domain, preprocessing the analyte signal to distinguish frequencies of the analyte signal, integrating the analyte signal after preprocessing to obtain a redressed analyte signal in the time domain, the redressed analyte signal having a substantially Gaussian shape, and processing the redressed analyte signal to obtain the analyte concentration level. The system includes a detector operable for generating the analyte signal and one or more processors configured for preprocessing and integrating the analyte signal to obtain the redressed analyte signal and processing the redressed analyte signal to obtain the analyte concentration level.
1. A method for measuring, in a gas stream, an analyte concentration level from a gas chromatography elution peak outputted by a gas chromatography system, the method comprising:
receiving an analyte signal representative of the gas chromatography elution peak in the time domain;
converting the analyte signal from the time-domain to the frequency domain;
in the frequency domain, preprocessing the analyte signal to distinguish frequencies of the analyte signal indicative of the analyte concentration level;
integrating the analyte signal after preprocessing to obtain a redressed analyte signal in the time domain, the redressed analyte signal having a substantially Gaussian shape; and
processing the redressed analyte signal to obtain the analyte concentration level.
2. The method of claim 1 , further comprising a generating the analyte signal prior to said receiving, comprising:
circulating the gas stream in plasma chamber of a detector;
generating a plasma in the gas stream; and
measuring an optical emission of the plasma, the optical emission being representative of an analyte.
3. The method of claim 2 , wherein the optical emission is a spectral line representative of the analyte present in the gas stream.
4. The method of claim 2 , wherein measuring the optical emission of the plasma comprises:
acquiring an emission signal;
acquiring a reference signal; and
subtracting the reference signal from the emission signal, thereby obtaining the analyte signal.
5. The method of claim 1 , further comprising digitizing the analyte signal before preprocessing the analyte signal.
6. The method of claim 5 , wherein the analyte signal has a Nyquist frequency and wherein digitizing the analyte signal is performed at a sampling rate equal or higher than the Nyquist frequency.
7. The method of claim 1 , further comprising predetermining an expected elution time window, and wherein receiving the analyte signal representative of the gas chromatography elution peak is performed during the expected elution time window.
8. The method of claim 1 , further comprising, prior to the preprocessing, time-domain filtering the analyte signal to remove signal variations therefrom.
9. The method of claim 8 , wherein time-domain filtering the analyte signal comprises a continuous wavelet transform applied to the analyte signal.
10. The method of claim 8 , wherein time-domain filtering the analyte signal comprises a time-domain signal averaging of the analyte signal.
11. The method of claim 1 , wherein converting the analyte signal from the time-domain signal to the frequency domain comprises performing a Fourier transform on the analyte signal.
12. The method of claim 1 , wherein preprocessing the analyte signal comprises:
characterizing a DC component of the analyte signal; and
filtering the DC component from the analyte signal.
13. The method of claim 1 , wherein preprocessing the analyte signal comprises:
selecting harmonic resonances of the analyte signal; and
filtering the harmonic resonances from the analyte signal.
14. The method of claim 1 , wherein preprocessing the analyte signal comprises:
obtaining a noise signal representative of a noise level in the gas chromatography system by operating the gas chromatography system without an analyte to be measured therein; and
subtracting the noise signal from the analyte signal.
15. The method of claim 14 , wherein obtaining the noise signal comprises obtaining noise harmonics associated with said noise signal, and wherein subtracting the noise signal comprises filtering said noise harmonics from the analyte signal.
16. The method of claim 1 , wherein preprocessing the analyte signal comprises linearizing the analyte signal.
17. The method of claim 2 , wherein circulating the gas stream in the plasma chamber of a detector comprises varying at least one of a pressure and a flow of the gas stream in the plasma chamber, to alter a peak shape of the analyte signal.
18. The method of claim 1 , wherein integrating the analyte signal comprises summing harmonics of the redressed analyte signal.
19. The method of claim 1 , wherein processing the redressed analyte signal comprises performing a moving average on the redressed analyte signal to improve a signal-to-noise ratio of the redressed analyte signal.
20. A computer-implemented method executable by a processor for providing a redressed analyte signal representative of an analyte concentration level from a gas chromatography elution peak outputted by a gas chromatography system, the processor having received an analyte signal representative of the gas chromatography elution peak in the time domain, said method comprising:
converting the analyte signal from the time-domain to the frequency domain;
in the frequency domain, preprocessing the analyte signal to distinguish frequencies of the analyte signal indicative of the analyte concentration level; and
integrating the analyte signal after preprocessing to obtain the redressed analyte signal in the time domain, the redressed analyte signal having a substantially Gaussian shape.
21. A system for measuring, in a gas stream, an analyte concentration level from a gas chromatography elution peak, the system comprising:
a detector operable for generating an analyte signal representative of the gas chromatography elution peak; and
one or more processors configured for:
receiving the analyte signal representative of the gas chromatography elution peak in the time domain;
converting the analyte signal from the time-domain to the frequency domain;
in the frequency domain, preprocessing the analyte signal to select frequencies of the analyte signal indicative of the analyte concentration level;
integrating the analyte signal after preprocessing to obtain the redressed analyte signal in the time domain, the redressed analyte signal having a substantially Gaussian shape; and
processing the redressed analyte signal to obtain the analyte concentration level.
22. The system of claim 21 , wherein the one or more processors are further configured for digitizing the analyte signal before preprocessing the analyte signal.
23. The system of claim 22 , wherein the analyte signal has a Nyquist frequency and wherein digitizing the analyte signal is performed at a sampling rate equal or higher than the Nyquist frequency.
24. The system of claim 21 , wherein the one or more processors are further configured for predetermining an expected elution time window, and wherein receiving the analyte signal representative of the gas chromatography elution peak is performed during the expected elution time window.
25. The system of claim 21 , wherein the one or more processors are further configured for, prior to the preprocessing, time-domain filtering the analyte signal to remove signal variations therefrom.
26. The system of claim 25 , wherein time-domain filtering the analyte signal comprises a continuous wavelet transform applied to the analyte signal.
27. The system of claim 25 , wherein time-domain filtering the analyte signal comprises a time-domain signal averaging of the analyte signal.
28. The system of claim 21 , wherein converting the analyte signal from the time-domain signal to the frequency domain comprises performing a Fourier transform on the analyte signal.
29. The system of claim 21 , wherein preprocessing the analyte signal comprises:
characterizing a DC component of the analyte signal; and
filtering the DC component from the analyte signal.
30. The system of claim 21 , wherein preprocessing the analyte signal comprises:
selecting harmonic resonances of the analyte signal; and
filtering the harmonic resonances from the analyte signal.
31. The system of claim 21 , wherein preprocessing the analyte signal comprises:
obtaining a noise signal representative of a noise level in the gas chromatography system by operating the gas chromatography system without an analyte to be measured therein; and
subtracting the noise signal from the analyte signal.
32. The system of claim 31 , wherein obtaining the noise signal comprises obtaining noise harmonics associated with said noise signal, and wherein subtracting the noise signal comprises filtering said noise harmonics from the analyte signal.
33. The system of claim 21 , wherein preprocessing the analyte signal comprises linearizing the analyte signal.
34. The system of claim 21 , wherein integrating the analyte signal comprises summing harmonics of the redressed analyte signal.
35. The system of claim 21 , wherein processing the redressed analyte signal comprises performing a moving average on the redressed analyte signal to improve a signal-to-noise ratio of the redressed analyte signal.
36. The system of claim 21 , further comprising an analog-to-digital converter configured to digitize the analyte signal.
37. The system of claim 21 , wherein the detector is a plasma discharge detector.
38. The system of claim 21 , wherein the detector is configured for:
generating a plasma in the gas stream; and
measuring an optical emission of the plasma, the optical emission being representative of the analyte.
39. The system of claim 38 , wherein the optical emission is a spectral line representative of the analyte present in the gas stream.
40. The system of claim 38 , wherein measuring the optical emission of the plasma comprises:
acquiring an emission signal;
acquiring a reference signal; and
subtracting the reference signal from the emission signal, thereby obtaining the analyte signal.
41. A non-transitory computer readable storage medium having stored thereon computer executable instructions for providing a redressed analyte signal representative of an analyte concentration level from a gas chromatography elution peak outputted by a gas chromatography system, the computer executable instructions, when executed by a processor having received an analyte signal representative of the gas chromatography elution peak in the time domain, cause the processor to perform the following steps:
converting the analyte signal from the time-domain to the frequency domain;
in the frequency domain, preprocessing the analyte signal to select frequencies of the analyte signal indicative of the analyte concentration level; and
integrating the analyte signal after preprocessing to obtain the redressed analyte signal in the time domain, the redressed analyte signal having a substantially Gaussian shape.