Maytansinoid-based drug delivery systems

1. A compound having the structure of Formula (I):

or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, hydrate, or isomer thereof,

wherein:

R 1 is selected from —H and C 1 -C 4 alkyl;

Spacer is selected from:

V is absent or selected from —CH 2 —, —O— and —NR 3 —, wherein R 3 is —H or C 1 -C 4 alkyl; each R 2 is independently selected from —H, halogen, and C 1 -C 4 alkyl or two R 2 s taken together form a C 3 -C 6 , cycloalkyl;

n is 0-3;

X is absent or selected from —CH 2 —, —O—, —S—, —Se—, and —NR 4 —, wherein R 4 is —H or C 1 -C 4 alkyl;

Y is selected from ═CH— and ═N—;

Z 1 , Z 2 , Z 3 and Z 4 are each independently selected from —H, halogen, —CF 3 , —OCH 3 , —CN, —NO 2 , C 1 -C 4 alkyl and C 2 -C 4 alkoxy;

AA is an amino acid selected from glycine, D or L proline, sarcosine, N-ethyl-glycine, D or L alanine, D or L N-methylalanine, β-alanine, N-methyl-β-alanine, α-aminoisobutyric acid, and N-methyl-α-aminoisobutyric acid;

R′ is selected from O and

Y′ is absent or selected from an optionally substituted C 1 -C 6 alkyl, —NH—C(O)—, and —C(O)—NH—; or Y′ is selected from the group consisting of:

wherein n Y′ =0-6;

R 1′ is absent or selected from the group consisting of:

wherein M 1 is a pharmaceutically acceptable counter ion selected from the group consisting of H + , Na + , K + , Ca 2+ , Mg 2+ ,NR 4 + , and NHR 3 + ; wherein R is H or C 1 -C 4 alkyl;

R 2′ is optionally substituted C 1 -C 18 alkyl wherein optionally up to six carbon atoms in said C 1 -C 18 alkyl are each independently replaced with —OCH 2 CH 2 —;

Z 1′ , Z 2′ , Z 3′ and Z 4′ are each independently selected from —H, halogen, —CF 3 , —OCH 3 , —CN, —NO 2 , —SO 3 M 2 , and C 1 -C 4 alkyl wherein M 2 is a pharmaceutically acceptable counter ion selected from the group consisting of H + , Na + , K + , Ca 2+ , NR 4 + , and NHR 3 + ;

wherein R is H or C 1 -C 4 alkyl;

TBG is a thiol-binding group selected from an optionally substituted maleimide group, an optionally substituted haloacetamide group, an optionally substituted haloacetate group, an optionally substituted pyridylthio group, an optionally substituted isothiocyanate group, an optionally substituted vinylcarbonyl group, an optionally substituted aziridine group, an optionally substituted disulfide group, an optionally substituted acetylene group, and an optionally substituted N-hydroxysuccinimide ester group;

wherein said TBG is optionally bound to a thiol-bearing macromolecular carrier or thiol-bearing tumor-specific carrier.

2. The compound according to claim 1 , wherein the compound has a structure of Formula (II):

or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, hydrate, or isomer thereof,

wherein:

each R 2 is independently selected from —H, and C 1 -C 4 alkyl or two R 2 s taken together form a C 3 -C 6 , cycloalkyl;

X is absent or selected from —CH 2 —, —O—, —S— and —NR 4 —, wherein R 4 is —H or C 1 -C 4 alkyl;

Z 1 , Z 2 , Z 3 and Z 4 are each independently selected from —H, halogen, —CF 3 , —OCH 3 , —NO 2 and —CH 3 .

3. The compound according to claim 1 , wherein the compound has a structure of Formula (III):

or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, hydrate, or isomer thereof,

wherein:

each R 2 is independently selected from —H, and C 1 -C 4 alkyl or two R 2 s are taken together form a C 3 -C 6 , cycloalkyl;

X is absent or selected from —CH 2 —, —O—, —S— and —NR 4 —, wherein R 4 is —H or C 1 -C 4 alkyl;

Z 1 , Z 2 , Z 3 and Z 4 are each independently selected from —H, halogen, —CF 3 , —OCH 3 , —NO 2 and —CH 3 .

4. The compound according to claim 1 , wherein the compound has a structure of Formula (IV):

or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, hydrate, or isomer thereof,

wherein:

X is absent or selected from —CH 2 — and —NH—;

Y is ═CH— or ═N—;

Z 1 , Z 2 , and Z 3 are each independently selected from —H, halogen, —CF 3 , —OCH 3 , —NO 2 and —CH 3 ;

AA is an amino acid selected from glycine, D or L proline, sarcosine, N-ethyl-glycine, D or L alanine, D or L N-methylalanine, β-alanine, N-methyl-β-alanine, α-aminoisobutyric acid, and N-methyl-α-aminoisobutyric acid.

5. The compound according to claim 1 , wherein R 1 is —H.

6. The compound according to claim 1 , wherein at least one of Z 1 , Z 2 , Z 3 , and Z 4 is not H.

7. The compound according to claim 1 , wherein at least one of Z 1 , Z 2 , Z 3 and Z 4 is —F or —NO 2 .

8. The compound according to claim 1 , wherein n is 0 and X is absent.

9. The compound according to claim 1 , wherein n is 0 and X is —CH 2 —.

10. The compound according to claim 1 , wherein n is 0 and X is —O— or —S—.

11. The compound according to claim 1 , wherein the compound is selected from:

or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, hydrate, or isomer thereof.

12. The compound of claim 1 , wherein the pharmaceutically acceptable counter ion is selected from H + , Na + , K + , Ca 2+ , Mg 2+ , NR 4 + , and NHR 3 + ; wherein R is H or C 1 -C 4 alkyl.

13. The compound of claim 1 , wherein R′ is O.

14. The compound of claim 1 , wherein R′ is:

15. The compound of claim 14 , wherein the compound is not bound to a thiol-bearing macromolecular carrier or thiol-bearing tumor-specific carrier.

16. The compound of claim 14 , wherein the compound is bound to a thiol-bearing macromolecular carrier or thiol-bearing tumor-specific carrier.

17. The compound of claim 16 , wherein the thiol-bearing macromolecular carrier or thiol-bearing tumor-specific carrier is selected from endogenous albumin, exogenous albumin, an antibody, an antibody fragment, a peptide, a natural or synthetic polymer, a liposome and a nanoparticle.

18. The compound of claim 14 , wherein TBG is an optionally substituted maleimide group.

19. The compound of claim 14 , wherein Z 1′ is selected from —NO 2 or —SO 3 M 2 ;

and Y′ is selected from —NHC(O)— or

20. The compound of claim 14 , wherein R 1′ is

21. The compound of claim 14 , wherein R′ is:

or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, hydrate, or isomer thereof,

wherein

R 2′ is selected from optionally substituted C 1 -C 18 alkyl wherein optionally up to six carbon atoms in said C 1 -C 18 alkyl are each independently replaced with —OCH 2 CH 2 —.

22. The compound of claim 14 , wherein R′ is:

or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, hydrate, or isomer thereof.

23. The compound of claim 22 , wherein the compound is selected from:

or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, hydrate, or isomer thereof.

24. The compound of claim 14 , wherein R′ is:

or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, hydrate, or isomer thereof;

wherein M 1 is a pharmaceutically acceptable counter ion.

25. The compound of claim 24 , wherein the compound is selected from:

or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, hydrate, or isomer thereof.

26. The compound of claim 14 , wherein R′ is:

or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, hydrate, or isomer thereof;

wherein M 1 is a pharmaceutically acceptable counter ion.

27. The compound of claim 26 , wherein the compound is:

28. A pharmaceutical composition comprising the compound of claim 1 , and a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier.

29. A method for treating cancer, comprising administering to a patient in need thereof a therapeutically effective amount of the compound according to claim 1 or the pharmaceutical composition according to claim 28 , wherein the cancer is selected from the group consisting of pancreatic cancer, breast cancer, colon cancer, ovarian cancer, head/neck tumors, liver cancer, and non-small cell lung cancer.