Natural-cushioning, sock liner apparatus and method
View Patent ↗A sock liner (fitting above an insole of an article of footwear) includes a base layer between a thinner top layer, typically fabric contacting a sock in a shoe, and an intermediate layer below for shaping. The intermediate layer is a tailored series of projections, each extending from the medial side toward the lateral side. Together, these contain locally the individual regions of the “fat pad,” extending along the underside of a foot, providing the natural cushioning of bones, muscles, tendons, and ligaments thereabove. The liner may provide flex, stiffness, lift, cushioning, or the like in areas of the heel, arch, metatarsals, and forefoot. The layup typically includes multiple layers of expanded polymer material (plastic or elastomeric foam). These may be cut, overlaid, embossed, debossed, or a combination, in or out of a mold, to locally alter density, thickness, softness, or stiffness.
1. A method of manufacturing a sock liner capable of and effective at shaping a fat pad existing as an under portion of a foot of a user upon placement under the foot of the user in footwear, the method comprising:
providing a shape for a base layer capable of supporting a vertical force applied by an effective weight of the user during a gait cycle of the user in a longitudinal direction extending from an anterior side to a posterior side, in a transverse direction extending from a medial side to a lateral side, and in a vertical direction extending from a superior side to an inferior side;
forming a base layer operable as a base extending longitudinally, continuously from a forefoot region of the base, capable of supporting a forefoot of the user, through a midfoot region, capable of supporting metatarsals and an arch of the foot of the user, to a heel region capable of supporting a heel of the user; and
forming an intermediate layer, inferior to the base, capable of fitting between an insole of a shoe and the base layer, wherein the intermediate layer is formed of a material having a greater density than that of the base layer at a location of the base layer in a lateral, posterior portion of the heel region, which is therefore softer than the intermediate layer medially adjacent the base layer's lateral, posterior portion of the heel region, and comprising a plurality of projections, spaced apart in the longitudinal direction and extending laterally from exclusively a medial side of the base and having no projections from a lateral side of the base, and the plurality of projections are each formed of a material selected and configured to have a density, length, and spring constant, individually determined for each of the plurality of projections and the projections are configured in length transversely, width longitudinally, density, and material composition, individually, based on a type of foot strike of a user corresponding to the sock liner;
wherein the plurality of projections includes
a first projection of the sock liner, extending laterally, and exclusively from a medial side, capable of shaping the fat pad toward a lateral direction supporting a heel bone structure corresponding to the heel, and
a second projection extending exclusively from a medial side of the base and laterally under the midfoot region and shaped to shape a midfoot portion of the fat pad in a lateral direction and under a midfoot bone structure of the user, corresponding to a lateral aspect of the midfoot region,
wherein at least one of the first projection and the second projection extends beyond a longitudinal axis of the base.
2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the plurality of projections are configured to increase a thickness of the fat pad.
3. The method of claim 1 , wherein the intermediate layer comprises a bulk region and the plurality of projections extending from the bulk region, spaced from one another, including the second projection so located as to increase support of metatarsals of the user by urging the fat pad laterally.
4. The method of claim 1 , wherein a projection of the plurality of projections comprises:
a rim constituting a debossed region formed by debossing the intermediate layer; and
a boss surrounded by, and thicker than, the rim, the boss having a lower density and smaller spring constant compared to the rim.
5. The method of claim 1 , wherein the plurality of projections each comprise:
a rim debossed into the intermediate layer; and
a boss extending from and surrounded on its own lateral, anterior, and posterior edges by the rim, the rim having a higher density, less thickness, and greater spring constant, compared to the boss of greater thickness and having a lower density and smaller spring constant compared to the rim.
6. The method of claim 1 , wherein the plurality of projections comprise at least one projection extending laterally from a medial side of the midfoot region to be capable of urging the fat pad under the arch in a lateral direction during a portion of a gait cycle of a user.
7. The method of claim 1 , wherein the plurality of projections comprise at least one projection capable of being positioned posterior to the ball of a foot and effective to urge the fat pad anteriorly toward the ball of the foot during a gait cycle of a user.
8. The method of claim 1 , wherein the plurality of projections:
each extend at least laterally from a medial side of the midfoot region;
when in use, urge the fat pad of the user in the midfoot region laterally as cushioning under a lateral portion of an arch of the foot of the user;
when in use, urge the fat pad in the forefoot region anteriorly as a support for a ball of the foot;
when in use, urge the fat pad in the heel region at least one of posteriorly and laterally as a support for the heel of the foot; and
are longitudinally discontinuous from each other at a lateral extreme of the projections, individually continuous in a lateral direction.
9. The method of claim 1 , wherein:
the midfoot region of the base layer comprises pedestals extending from the midfoot region and covering less than half of its surface area;
the first projection is shaped to urge the fat pad of a foot of the user, laterally by extending in a lateral direction; and
the intermediate layer is selected to rely on a conservation of mass and Poisson effect to urge the fat pad on the bottom of the foot of a user to remain in place rather than distort in response to force applied during and due to the gait cycle of the user.