Production of cannabinoids in modified yeast using a fatty acid feedstock
Strains of yeasts are provided containing the genes for the production of cannabinoids from fatty acids. The enzymes that mediate cannabinoid production are localized to the cytosol, peroxisome or different compartments within the secretory pathway (e.g., endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi, vacuole) to ensure efficient production. The engineered microorganisms produce cannabinoids in a controlled fermentation process.
1. A method of isolating a polyketide, the method comprising:
providing as a feedstock at least one of a fatty acid, vegetable oil, or an alkane to a genetically modified yeast,
the genetically modified yeast comprising modified enzymes for producing the polyketide in the peroxisome, and
the modified enzymes comprising acyl-CoA oxidase, enoyl-CoA hydratase, 3-hydroxyacyl-CoA dehydrogenase, beta-ketothiolase, thiolase, acyl-CoA synthase, and Type III polyketide synthase, wherein each modified enzyme comprises a peroxisomal targeting sequence, and wherein each modified enzyme is localized to the peroxisome;
culturing the genetically modified yeast under conditions sufficient to produce in the peroxisome a fatty acid or a fatty acid-CoA that is a substrate for an acyl-CoA synthase or a polyketide synthase, respectively; and
isolating the polyketide from the genetically modified yeast.
2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the acyl-CoA oxidase comprises the protein sequence as set forth in SEQ ID NO: 10.
3. The method of claim 1 , wherein the Type III polyketide synthase is a tetraketide synthase.
4. The method of claim 1 , wherein the Type III polyketide synthase is TKS1 or TKS1p.
5. The method of claim 1 , wherein an olivetolic acid synthase is expressed in the peroxisome.
6. The method of claim 1 , wherein an endogenous acyl-coA oxidase has been replaced with a non-native acyl-coA oxidase.
7. The method of claim 1 , wherein the polyketide is selected from the group consisting of cannabigerolic acid, Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinolic acid, cannabidiolic acid, cannabichromenic acid, cannabigerovarinic acid, tetrahydrocannabivarin acid, cannabidivarinic acid, and cannabichromevarinic acid.
8. The method of claim 1 , wherein the yeast is from a genus selected from the group consisting of Candida, Arxula, Pichia, Scheffersomyces, Kluyveromyces, Saccharomyces, Yarrowia , and Schizosaccharomyces.
9. The method of claim 1 , wherein the yeast is from a genus of Candida.
10. The method of claim 1 , wherein the polyketide is olivetolic acid or hexanoic acid.
11. The method of claim 1 , wherein the peroxisomal targeting sequence has a consensus sequence of [S/A/H/C/E/P/Q/V]-[K/R/H/Q]-[L/F] as set forth in SEQ ID NO: 7.
12. The method of claim 1 , wherein the peroxisomal targeting sequence is GRRAKL as set forth in SEQ ID NO: 6, added to the carboxyl-terminus of the modified enzyme.
13. A method of producing olivetolic acid in a peroxisome, the method comprising:
providing as a feedstock a fatty acid to a genetically modified yeast, the genetically modified yeast comprising modified enzymes comprising acyl-CoA oxidase, enoyl-CoA hydratase, 3-hydroxyacyl-CoA dehydrogenase, beta-ketothiolase, thiolase, acyl-CoA synthase, and Type III polyketide synthase, wherein each modified enzyme comprises a peroxisomal targeting sequence, and wherein each modified enzyme is localized to the peroxisome for producing the olivetolic acid in the peroxisome;
culturing the microorganism under conditions sufficient to produce in the peroxisome olivetolic acid; and
isolating the olivetolic acid.