Artificial valved conduits for cardiac reconstructive procedures and methods for their production
Artificial heart valve structures and methods of their fabrication are disclosed. The heart valve structures may be fabricated from a biocompatible polymer and include one or more heart valve leaflet structures incorporated within a conduit. The valve structures may incorporate one or more conduit sinuses, as well as a gap between the lower margin of the valve leaflets and the interior of the conduit. In addition, the valve structures may include one or more valve sinuses created in a space between the valve leaflets and the conduit inner surface. Computational fluid dynamics and mechanical modeling may be used to design the valve leaflets with optimal characteristics. A heart valve structure may also incorporate a biodegradable component to which cells may adhere The incorporated cells may arise from patient cells migrating to the biodegradable component, or the component may be pre-seeded with cells prior to implantation in a patient.
1. A valve structure comprising:
a conduit having an inner conduit surface; and
a leaflet structure having an open state and a closed state, the leaflet structure comprising:
a plurality of valve leaflets, each valve leaflet comprising a sinus structure having a sinus edge and a fan structure having a fan edge;
wherein at least a portion of the sinus edge is affixed to a portion of the inner conduit surface; and
wherein, when the leaflet structure is in the closed state, the fan edges of the plurality of valve leaflets are mutually disposed to form a plurality of valve gaps between at least a portion of the fan edges and the inner conduit surface; and
wherein, when the leaflet structure is in the open state, at least one fan structure is disposed to form a gap between the fan edge of the at least one fan structure and the inner conduit surface.
2. The valve structure of claim 1 , wherein, when the leaflet structure is in the open state, the fan edges of the plurality of valve leaflets are mutually disposed to form a plurality of valve gaps between at least a portion of the fan edges and at least a portion of the inner conduit surface.
3. The valve structure of claim 2 , wherein, when the leaflet structure is in the open state, the sinus edges of the plurality of valve leaflets and the portion of the inner conduit surface are mutually disposed to form a plurality of valve gaps between the portion of the sinus edges and the portion of the inner conduit surface.
4. The valve structure of claim 1 , wherein the fan edge comprises a fan edge steep portion proximate to the sinus edge, and a fan edge gradual portion.
5. The valve structure of claim 1 , wherein at least a portion of the sinus structure and the portion of the inner conduit surface are nonadjacent, thereby forming a valve sinus bounded at least in part by the portion of the inner conduit surface and the portion of the sinus structure.
6. The valve structure of claim 1 , wherein at least a portion of the valve structure comprises a polymer.
7. The valve structure of claim 6 , wherein the polymer is a fluoropolymer.
8. The valve structure of claim 1 , wherein at least a portion of the valve structure comprises a biodegradable component.
9. The valve structure of claim 1 , wherein the conduit is a stent.
10. The valve structure of claim 1 , wherein the valve structure further comprises a stent.
11. The valve structure of claim 1 , wherein the conduit further comprises at least one conduit sinus structure.
12. The valve structure of claim 11 , wherein the at least one conduit sinus structure is concave relative to the inner conduit surface.