High density aqueous well fluids
This invention provides zinc-free aqueous brine compositions. These zinc-free aqueous brine compositions have a density of about 14.3 pounds per gallon or more, and a true crystallization temperature of about 20° F. or less, and comprise water and one or more inorganic bromide salts, with the provisos that when calcium bromide is present, one or more other water-soluble inorganic salts are also present, when lithium bromide is present, calcium bromide is absent, when bismuth(III) bromide is present, one or more other water-soluble inorganic salts are also present, and for a true crystallization temperature of about 10° F. or less, when manganese(II) bromide is present, one or more other water-soluble inorganic salts are also present. Processes for forming these zinc-free aqueous brine compositions are also provided.
1. A wellbore fluid comprising a zinc-free aqueous brine having a density of 1.71 kg/L (14.3 pounds per gallon) to 2.28 kg/L (19.0 pounds per gallon), and a true crystallization temperature of −6.7° C. (20° F.) or less, which aqueous brine comprises calcium bromide and a manganese salt selected from manganese(II) bromide, manganese(II) nitrate, and manganese polytungstate.
2. The wellbore fluid of claim 1 wherein the manganese salt is manganese(II) bromide.
3. The wellbore fluid of claim 1 in which the aqueous brine has a density of 1.75 kg/L (14.6 pounds per gallon) or more.
4. The wellbore fluid of claim 2 in which the aqueous brine has a density of 1.75 kg/L (14.6 pounds per gallon) or more and a pH value in the range of 2.5 to 5.
5. The wellbore fluid of claim 2 also comprising tin(IV) bromide, wherein the aqueous brine has a density of 1.80 kg/L (15.0 pounds per gallon) or more.
6. The wellbore fluid of claim 2 also comprising bismuth(III) bromide, and wherein the aqueous brine has a density of 1.92 kg/L (16.0 pounds per gallon) or more.
7. The wellbore fluid of claim 2 also comprising tin(II) bromide or indium(III) bromide.
8. The wellbore fluid of claim 2 which also comprises
tin(II) bromide, wherein the aqueous brine has a density of 1.80 kg/L (15.0 pounds per gallon) or more; or
indium(III) bromide, wherein the aqueous brine has a density of 1.92 kg/L (16.0 pounds per gallon) or more.
9. A process for forming a wellbore fluid comprising a zinc-free aqueous brine having a density of 1.71 kg/L (14.3 pounds per gallon) to 2.28 kg/L (19.0 pounds per gallon), and a true crystallization temperature of −6.7° C. (20° F.) or less, which process comprises mixing, in any order, components comprising water, calcium bromide and a manganese salt selected from manganese(II) bromide, manganese(II) nitrate, and manganese polytungstate.
10. The process of claim 9 wherein the manganese salt is manganese(II) bromide.
11. The process of claim 9 in which the aqueous brine has a density of 1.75 kg/L (14.6 pounds per gallon) or more.
12. The process of claim 10 in which the aqueous brine has a density of 1.75 kg/L (14.6 pounds per gallon) or more and a pH value in the range of 2.5 to 5.
13. The process of claim 10 wherein the aqueous brine also comprises tin(IV) bromide, wherein the aqueous brine has a density of 1.80 kg/L (15.0 pounds per gallon) or more.
14. The process of claim 10 wherein the aqueous brine also comprises bismuth(III) bromide, and wherein the aqueous brine has a density of 1.92 kg/L (16.0 pounds per gallon) or more.
15. The process of claim 10 wherein the aqueous brine also comprises tin(II) bromide or indium(III) bromide.
16. The process of claim 10 wherein the aqueous brine also comprises
tin(II) bromide, wherein the aqueous brine has a density of 1.80 kg/L (15.0 pounds per gallon) or more; or
indium(III) bromide, wherein the aqueous brine has a density of 1.92 kg/L (16.0 pounds per gallon) or more.
17. A method of treating a wellbore, said method comprising:
introducing into the wellbore a wellbore fluid comprising a zinc-free aqueous brine having a density of 1.71 kg/L (14.3 pounds per gallon) to 2.28 kg/L (19.0 pounds per gallon), and a true crystallization temperature of −6.7° C. (20° F.) or less, which fluid comprises calcium bromide and a manganese salt selected from manganese(II) bromide, manganese(II) nitrate, and manganese polytungstate.
18. The method of claim 17 wherein the manganese salt is manganese(II) bromide.
19. The method of claim 17 in which the aqueous brine has a density of 1.75 kg/L (14.6 pounds per gallon) or more.
20. The method of claim 18 in which the aqueous brine has a density of 1.75 kg/L (14.6 pounds per gallon) or more and a pH value in the range of 2.5 to 5.
21. The method of claim 18 wherein the aqueous brine also comprises tin(IV) bromide, and wherein the aqueous brine has a density of 1.80 kg/L (15.0 pounds per gallon) or more.
22. The method of claim 18 wherein the aqueous brine also comprises bismuth(III) bromide, and wherein the aqueous brine has a density of 1.92 kg/L (16.0 pounds per gallon) or more.
23. The method of claim 18 wherein the aqueous brine also comprises tin(II) bromide or indium(III) bromide.
24. The method of claim 18 wherein the aqueous brine also comprises
tin(II) bromide, wherein the aqueous brine has a density of 1.80 kg/L (15.0 pounds per gallon) or more; or
indium(III) bromide, wherein the aqueous brine has a density of 1.92 kg/L (16.0 pounds per gallon) or more.