Electrodes having at least one sensing structure and methods for making and using the same
An analyte sensor comprising: a non-conductive material; a conductive material disposed on the non-conductive material; and at least two sensing structures defined by a removed portion of the conductive material, the at least two sensing structures comprising a reagent composition.
1. An analyte sensor comprising:
a non-conductive material;
a conductive material disposed on the non-conductive material; and
at least two sensing structures disposed on the conductive material, and each defined by a removed portion of the conductive material, the at least two sensing structures each comprising a reagent composition.
2. The analyte sensor of claim 1 , wherein the removed portion of the conductive material is removed by embossing, ablation, scribing, etching, or any combination thereof.
3. The analyte sensor of claim 1 , wherein the reagent composition comprises an analyte responsive enzyme.
4. The analyte sensor of claim 1 , wherein the reagent composition comprises an analyte responsive enzyme and a redox mediator.
5. The analyte sensor of claim 4 , wherein the redox mediator is polymer bound.
6. The analyte sensor of claim 4 , wherein the redox mediator comprises an osmium-containing complex.
7. The analyte sensor of 1 , wherein the analyte sensor is factory calibrated.
8. The analyte sensor of claim 1 , further comprising a mass transport limiting membrane disposed on each of the at least two sensing structures.
9. The analyte sensor of claim 8 , wherein the mass transport limiting membrane comprises a polymer containing heterocyclic nitrogen groups.
10. The analyte sensor of claim 1 , wherein the analyte sensor is a glucose sensor, an oxygen sensor, a pH sensor, a carbon dioxide sensor, a chloride sensor, a potassium sensor, an electrolyte sensor, a ketone sensor, a lactate sensor, a pyruvate sensor, or any combination thereof.
11. A method comprising:
determining a level of an analyte from signals generated by an analyte sensor, wherein the analyte sensor comprises:
a non-conductive material;
a conductive material disposed on the non-conductive material; and
at least two sensing structures disposed on the conductive material, and each defined by a removed portion of the conductive material, the at least two sensing structures each comprising a reagent composition.
12. The method of claim 11 , wherein the removed portion of the conductive material is removed by embossing, ablation, scribing, etching, or any combination thereof.
13. The method of claim 11 , wherein the reagent composition comprises an analyte responsive enzyme.
14. The method of claim 11 , wherein the reagent composition comprises an analyte responsive enzyme and a redox mediator.
15. The method of claim 11 , further comprising a mass transport limiting membrane disposed on each of the at least two sensing structures.
16. A method of fabricating an analyte sensor comprising:
applying a conductive material to a surface of a non-conductive material;
removing a portion of the conductive material to define a perimeter for at least two sensing structures; and
depositing a reagent composition within the removed portion of the conductive material, thereby forming the at least two sensing structures.
17. The method of claim 16 , wherein removing the portion of the conductive material is performed by embossing, ablation, scribing, etching, or any combination thereof.
18. The method of claim 16 , wherein the reagent composition comprises an analyte responsive enzyme.
19. The method of claim 16 , wherein the reagent composition comprises an analyte responsive enzyme and a redox mediator.
20. The method of claim 16 , further comprising a mass transport limiting membrane disposed on each of the at least two sensing structures.