Removal of homogeneous catalysts from NMR/MRI agents hyperpolarized via sabre or PHIP
The present disclosure provides a method that embodies a simple and effective route to remove homogeneous catalysts from solutions wherein NMR/MRI signal amplification by reversible exchange (SABRE) or parahydrogen-induced polarization (PHIP) is performed. A method for recovering a homogeneous SABRE/PHIP catalyst for reuse is also described.
1. A method of removing a homogeneous catalyst from a solution comprising the homogeneous catalyst and a hyperpolarized agent, the method comprising:
contacting the solution comprising the homogeneous catalyst and the hyperpolarized agent with a catalyst removal agent, wherein the catalyst removal agent comprises a sulfur, nitrogen, or oxygen atom, and wherein the sulfur, nitrogen, or oxygen atom of the catalyst removal agent bonds with the homogeneous catalyst.
2. The method of claim 1 further comprising removing the catalyst removal agent bonded to the homogeneous catalyst from the solution thereby providing a purified solution comprising the hyperpolarized agent, wherein the purified solution is substantially free of the homogeneous catalyst.
3. The method of claim 1 wherein the catalyst removal agent is an organic species.
4. The method of claim 1 wherein the sulfur, nitrogen, or oxygen atom of the catalyst removal agent contains at least one free binding site.
5. The method of claim 1 wherein the catalyst removal agent is functionalized on a solid-phase particle.
6. The method of claim 5 wherein the solid-phase particle comprises SiO 2 or polystyrene.
7. The method of claim 6 wherein the solid-phase particle comprises SiO 2 .
8. The method of claim 7 wherein the solid-phase particle comprises a bead comprising SiO 2 .
9. The method of claim 6 wherein the catalyst removal agent comprises at least one of:
10. The method of claim 1 wherein the contacting step comprises adding the catalyst removal agent to the solution.
11. The method of claim 1 wherein the contacting step comprises passing the solution through a separation apparatus containing the catalyst removal agent.
12. The method of claim 2 wherein the hyperpolarized agent maintains a hyperpolarized state in the purified solution.
13. The method of claim 1 wherein the homogeneous catalyst is a SABRE catalyst or a PHIP catalyst.
14. The method of claim 1 further comprising subjecting a solution comprising the homogeneous catalyst and a hyperpolarization agent to SABRE or PHIP to obtain the solution comprising the homogeneous catalyst and the hyperpolarized agent.
15. The method of claim 2 further comprising recovering the homogeneous catalyst from the catalyst removal agent.
16. The method of claim 15 wherein the recovering step comprises applying a catalyst release agent to the catalyst removal agent, wherein the catalyst release agent reacts with the catalyst removal agent to break the bond between the catalyst removal agent and the homogeneous catalyst.
17. The method of claim 15 wherein the recovering step comprises applying energy to the catalyst removal agent, wherein the energy breaks the bond between the catalyst removal agent and the homogeneous catalyst.
18. The method of claim 17 wherein the applying energy step comprises applying at least one of heat, light, or electricity to the catalyst removal agent.
19. A method of removing a homogeneous catalyst from a solution comprising the homogeneous catalyst and a hyperpolarized agent, the method comprising:
subjecting a solution comprising the homogeneous catalyst and a hyperpolarization agent to SABRE or PHIP to obtain the solution comprising the homogeneous catalyst and the hyperpolarized agent;
contacting the solution comprising the homogeneous catalyst and the hyperpolarized agent with a catalyst removal agent, wherein the catalyst removal agent comprises a sulfur, nitrogen, or oxygen atom, wherein the sulfur, nitrogen, or oxygen atom of the catalyst removal agent bonds with the homogeneous catalyst; and
removing the catalyst removal agent bonded to the homogeneous catalyst from the solution thereby providing a purified solution comprising the hyperpolarized agent, wherein the purified solution is substantially free of the homogeneous catalyst.
20. A method of recovering a homogeneous catalyst from a solution comprising the homogeneous catalyst and a hyperpolarized agent, the method comprising:
contacting the solution comprising the homogeneous catalyst and the hyperpolarized agent with a catalyst removal agent, wherein the catalyst removal agent bonds with the homogeneous catalyst;
removing the catalyst removal agent bonded to the homogeneous catalyst from the solution thereby providing a purified solution comprising the hyperpolarized agent, wherein the purified solution is substantially free of the homogeneous catalyst; and
recovering the homogeneous catalyst from the catalyst removal agent by performing at least one of:
(1) applying a catalyst release agent to the catalyst removal agent, wherein the catalyst release agent reacts with the catalyst removal agent to break the bond between the catalyst removal agent and the homogeneous catalyst; or
(2) applying energy to the catalyst removal agent, wherein the energy breaks the bond between the catalyst removal agent and the homogeneous catalyst.