Transient polymer blends
Polymer blends are described that are formed from a transient polymer material, a polymer comprising an acrylonitrile group (e.g., ABS, SAN), and/or one or more polyester polymers. For blends in which two or more polyester polymers are blended with a transient polymer material, at least two of the polyester polymers are immiscible with one another, and one of the polyester polymers has a glass transition temperature less than or equal to 0° C. The polymer blends herein can decompose into liquid phase decomposition products upon exposure to a transience reaction trigger in less than 8 hours even at temperatures of less than −20° C.
1. A polymer blend comprising:
a transient polymer material; and
one or both of:
a polymer that includes an acrylonitrile group or
a polyester polymer having a glass transition temperature of less than 0° C.
2. The polymer blend of claim 1 , wherein the transient polymer material comprises poly(phthalaldehyde) (PPHA).
3. The polymer blend of claim 1 , wherein the polymer that includes the acrylonitrile group comprises acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS) polymer.
4. The polymer blend of claim 3 , comprising:
from 1 weight % to 33 weight % ABS polymer; and
from 80 weight % to 99 weight % transient polymer material,
wherein the total of the ABS polymer and the transient polymer material is 100 weight %.
5. The polymer blend of claim 1 , wherein the polymer that includes the acrylonitrile group comprises styrene acrylonitrile (SAN).
6. The polymer blend of claim 1 , wherein:
the polyester polymer comprises a first polyester and a second polyester compositionally different from the first polyester; and
the first polyester and the second polyester are immiscible with one another.
7. The polymer blend of claim 1 , comprising:
from 20 weight % to 98 weight % transient polymer material;
from 1 weight % to 25 weight % of a first polyester; and
from 1 weight % to 10 weight % of a second polyester compositionally different from the first polyester and immiscible with the first polyester,
wherein the total composition is 100 weight %.
8. The polymer blend of claim 7 , wherein the transient polymer material further comprises from 25 weight % to 60 weight % of an ionic liquid plasticizer, a non-ionic liquid plasticizer, or both.
9. The polymer blend of claim 7 , wherein the first polyester and the second polyester are selected from one or more of the following combinations:
polycaprolactone (PCL) and polybutyrate adipate terephthalate (PBAT);
polycaprolactone (PCL) and polybutylene succinate adipate (PBSA);
polylactic acid (PLA) and a copolymer of 3-hydroxybutyrate and 3-hydroxyhexanoate (PBHB); and
polylactic acid (PLA) and polybutylene succinate (PBS).
10. The polymer blend of claim 7 , wherein the first polyester has a glass transition temperature of less than 0° C. and the second polyester has a glass transition temperature greater than 0° C., and wherein the first polyester and the second polyester are selected from one or more of the following combinations:
polycaprolactone (PCL) and polylactic acid (PLA);
polycaprolactone (PCL) and thermoplastic starch (TPS);
polylactic acid (PLA) and polybutylene succinate adipate (PBSA);
polyhydroxybutyrate (PHB) and polyether sulfone (PES); and
polycaprolactone (PCL) and poly(3-hydroxybutyrate-co-3-hydroxyvalerate) (PHBV).
11. The polymer blend of claim 1 , wherein:
the transient polymer material comprises:
from 20 weight % to 50 weight % polyphthalaldehyde (PPHA);
from 30 weight % to 48 weight % of an ionic liquid plasticizer;
from 10 weight % to 25 weight % of a phthalate plasticizer;
from 1 weight % to 5 weight % of a photo-active material comprising 4-Isopropyl-4′-methyldiphenyliodonium Tetrakis(pentafluorophenyl)borate and anthracene;
the polymer that includes the acrylonitrile group comprises from 1 weight % to 10 weight % of acrylonitrile butadiene styrene; and
the polyester polymer comprises from 5 weight % to 20 weight % of poly(caprolactone), and
wherein the total composition comprises 100 weight % of the polymer blend.
12. The polymer blend of claim 11 , wherein the polymer blend exhibits a yield strength of approximately 0.64 MPa, an elongation to break of approximately 612%, and a stress at elongation to break of approximately 1.68 MPa, and wherein the preceding properties were measured at a strain rate of 100% strain per minute at 20° C.
13. The polymer blend of claim 1 , wherein the polymer blend decomposes from a solid phase to a liquid phase upon exposure to a decomposition trigger in a period of less than 8 hours at temperatures below 20° C.
14. The polymer blend of claim 13 , wherein at least 50 weight % of the polymer blend decomposes from a solid phase to a liquid phase in a period of less than 1 hour at a temperature of from 20° C. to 40° C.
15. A polymer blend comprising:
a transient polymer material;
a first polyester polymer having a first glass transition temperature of less than 0° C.; and
a second polyester polymer compositionally different from the first polyester polymer and immiscible with the first polyester polymer.
16. The polymer blend of claim 15 , wherein the polymer blend decomposes to a liquid phase upon exposure to a decomposition trigger.
17. The polymer blend of claim 15 , wherein the transient polymer material comprises poly(phthalaldehyde) (PPHA).
18. The polymer blend of claim 15 , further comprising at least one additional polyester polymer compositionally different from the first and second polyester polymers.
19. The polymer blend of claim 18 , wherein one or more of the second polyester polymer and the at least one additional polyester polymer have a glass transition temperature greater than 0° C.
20. The polymer blend of claim 15 , further comprising from 1 weight % to 10 weight % of an acrylonitrile butadiene styrene polymer, and wherein:
the transient polymer material comprises:
from 20 weight % to 50 weight % polyphthalaldehyde (PPHA);
from 30 weight % to 48 weight % of an ionic liquid plasticizer;
from 10 weight % to 25 weight % of a phthalate plasticizer;
from 1 weight % to 5 weight % of a photo-active material comprising 4-Isopropyl-4′-methyldiphenyliodonium Tetrakis(pentafluorophenyl)borate and anthracene;
the first polyester polymer has a glass transition temperature of less than 0° C. and comprises from 5 weight % to 25 weight %, and
the second polyester polymer has a glass transition temperature of less than 10° C. and comprises from 1 weight % to 10 weight %,
wherein the total composition comprises 100 weight %.
21. A polymer blend comprising:
a transient polymer material;
a first polyester polymer having a first glass transition temperature greater than 0° C.; and
a second polyester polymer compositionally different from the first polyester polymer, having a second glass transition temperature greater than 0° C. and immiscible with the first polyester polymer.
22. The polymer blend of claim 21 , wherein the first polyester and the second polyester are selected from one or more of the following combinations:
polylactic acid (PLA) and polyhydroxybutyrate (PHB); and
polylactic acid (PLA) and thermoplastic starch (TPS).
23. The polymer blend of claim 8 , wherein the ionic liquid plasticizer is 1-butyl-1-methylpyrrolidinium bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide.
24. The polymer blend of claim 11 , wherein the ionic liquid plasticizer is 1-butyl-1-methylpyrrolidinium bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide.
25. The polymer blend of claim 20 , wherein the ionic liquid plasticizer is 1-butyl-1-methylpyrrolidinium bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide.
26. The polymer blend of claim 11 , wherein the phthalate plasticizer is bis(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate.
27. The polymer blend of claim 20 , wherein the phthalate plasticizer is bis(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate.
28. The polymer blend of claim 20 , wherein the first polyester polymer comprises polycaprolactone (PCL).
29. The polymer blend of claim 20 , wherein the second polyester polymer comprises polybutylene adipate co-terphthalate (PBAT).