Speed limiting for power turbine governing and protection in a turboshaft engine
A control system for limiting a power turbine torque of a gas turbine engine is disclosed. In various embodiments, the control system includes an engine control module configured to output an effector command signal to a gas generator of the gas turbine engine; a power turbine governor module configured to output to the engine control module a power turbine torque request signal; and a power turbine torque limiter module configured to output to the power turbine governor module a power turbine speed rate signal to limit a power turbine speed overshoot of the gas turbine engine.
1. A control system for limiting a power turbine torque of a gas turbine engine, comprising:
an engine control module configured to output an effector command signal to a gas generator of the gas turbine engine;
a power turbine governor module configured to output to the engine control module a power turbine torque request signal; and
a power turbine torque limiter module configured to output to the power turbine governor module a power turbine, speed rate signal to limit a power turbine speed overshoot of the gas turbine engine,
wherein the power turbine speed rate signal includes a signal difference, defined as a difference between a real-time power turbine speed signal and a desired power turbine speed reference signal, multiplied by a power turbine torque rate limit value and divided by a power turbine load signal received from a load system in communication with the gas generator to generate a squared power turbine speed rate signal.
2. The control system of claim 1 wherein the power turbine speed rate signal includes a square root operation of the squared power turbine speed rate signal.
3. The control system of claim 2 , wherein the signal difference is a value greater than or equal to zero.
4. The control system of claim 3 , wherein the power turbine speed rate signal includes the power turbine torque rate limit value multiplied by an integer value equal to two.
5. The control system of claim 1 , wherein the engine control module is configured to receive a stability bleed signal.
6. The control system of claim 5 , wherein the engine control module is configured to receive an inlet guide vane signal.
7. A method for limiting a power turbine torque of a gas turbine engine, comprising:
a processor receiving a collective lever angle command signal and a real-time power turbine speed signal;
the processor generating a power turbine speed rate signal based at least in part on the collective lever angle command signal and the real-time power turbine speed signal;
the processor generating a fuel flow signal and an inlet guide vane signal based at least in part on the power turbine speed rate signal; and
the processor sending the fuel flow signal and the inlet guide vane signal to a gas generator of the gas turbine engine to limit the power turbine torque of the gas turbine engine,
wherein the power turbine speed rate signal includes a signal difference, defined as a difference between the real-time power turbine speed signal and a desired power turbine speed reference signal, multiplied by a power turbine torque rate limit value and divided by a power turbine load signal received from a load system in communication with the gas generator to generate a squared power turbine speed rate signal.
8. The method of claim 7 , further comprising a sensor detecting a real-time power turbine speed, generating the real-time power turbine speed signal, and sending the real-time power turbine speed signal to the processor.
9. The method of claim 7 , further comprising a sensor detecting a real-time power turbine torque, generating a real-time power turbine torque signal, and sending the real-time power turbine torque signal to the processor.
10. The method of claim 7 , further comprising the processor generating a stability bleed signal based at least in part on the power turbine speed rate signal and sending the stability bleed signal to the gas generator of the gas turbine engine to control the power turbine torque of the gas turbine engine.
11. A turboshaft engine for a helicopter, comprising:
a gas generator;
a power turbine disposed downstream of the gas generator; and
a controller in communication with the gas generator and the power turbine, the controller including a processor configured to
receive a collective lever angle command signal and a real-time power turbine speed signal,
generate a power turbine speed rate signal based at least in part on the collective lever angle command signal and the real-time power turbine speed signal,
generate a power turbine torque request signal based at least in part on the collective lever angle command signal and the real-time power turbine speed signal,
generate a fuel flow signal and an inlet guide vane signal based at least in part on the power turbine speed rate signal, and send the fuel flow signal and the inlet guide vane signal to the gas generator in order to control a torque of the power turbine,
wherein the power turbine speed rate signal includes a signal difference, defined as a difference between the real-time power turbine speed signal and a desired power turbine speed reference signal, multiplied by a power turbine torque rate limit value and divided by a power turbine load signal received from a load system in communication with the gas generator to generate a squared power turbine speed rate signal.