Optical communications in a battery pack

1. A method of optical communications in a battery pack, the method comprising: generating, by a module monitoring system of a battery management system, sensor data that indicates one or more attributes of one or more cells of a module;

transmitting to a data aggregator, by the module monitoring system, the sensor data via a first communication pathway between the data aggregator and the module monitoring system, wherein the first communication pathway is one of a radio frequency (RF) communication pathway and a wired communication pathway;

determining, by the module monitoring system, that the first communication pathway has been compromised or is under attack;

encoding, by the module monitoring system, the sensor data into an optical signal;

in response to determining that the first communication pathway has been compromised or is under attack, sending, by the module monitoring system, to the data aggregator, the sensor data as part of unfocused optical signal via a second communication pathway, wherein the unfocused optical signal reflects off one or more unmodified battery components inside the battery pack while traveling to the data aggregator, wherein the first communication pathway is a different type of communication pathway than the second communication pathway; wherein the second communication pathway is an optical communication pathway; and

decoding, by an optical receiver of the data aggregator, the unfocused optical signal into the sensor data.

2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the module monitoring system is included in a plurality of module monitoring systems, and the data aggregator is configured to receive unfocused optical signals from the plurality of module monitoring systems.

3. The method of claim 1 , wherein decoding the unfocused optical signal into the sensor data comprises:

monitoring, by the data aggregator, a pattern in voltage variance associated with the optical receiver; and

generating, based on the pattern in voltage variance, the sensor data.

4. The method of claim 1 , further comprising sending, by the data aggregator, the sensor data to a vehicle control system.

5. The method of claim 1 , wherein the data aggregator comprises one or more of a light dependent resistor (LDR), a photodiode, or a phototransistor.

6. A battery management system for optical communications in communications in a battery pack, comprising:

a data aggregator; and

a module monitoring system, the module monitoring system configured to:

generate sensor data that indicates one or more attributes of one or more cells of a module;

transmit to the data aggregator, by the module monitoring system, the sensor data via a first communication pathway between the data aggregator and the module monitoring system, wherein the first communication pathway is one of a radio frequency (RF) pathway and a wired pathway;

determine, by the module monitoring system, that the first communication pathway has been compromised or is under attack; encode the sensor data into an optical signal; and

in response to determining that the first communication pathway has been compromised or is under attack, send to the data aggregator, the sensor data as unfocused optical signal via a second communication pathway, wherein the unfocused optical signal reflects off one or more unmodified battery components inside the battery pack while traveling to the data aggregator, wherein the first communication pathway is a different type of communication pathway than the second communication pathway; wherein the second communication pathway is an optical communication pathway; and

an optical receiver of the data aggregator configured to decode the unfocused optical signal into the sensor data.

7. The battery management system of claim 6 , wherein the module monitoring system is included in a plurality of module monitoring systems, and the data aggregator is configured to receive unfocused optical signals from the plurality of module monitoring systems.

8. The battery management system of claim 6 , wherein the data aggregator is configured to decode the unfocused optical signal into the sensor data, and the decoding comprises:

monitoring a pattern in voltage variance associated with the optical receiver; and

generating, based on the pattern in voltage variance, the sensor data.

9. The battery management system of claim 6 , wherein the data aggregator is further configured to send the sensor data to a vehicle control system.

10. The battery management system of claim 6 , wherein the data aggregator comprises one or more of a light dependent resistor (LDR), a photodiode, or a phototransistor.