Friction element weld element modification to increase corrosion resistance of thermal mechanical joint
A welded structural assembly and method, in one form, includes an upper substrate, a lower substrate adjacent the upper substrate, a fastener, and a sealing member. The fastener includes a shank portion, a first head portion, and a second head portion. The shank portion extends through the upper substrate and into the lower substrate. The shank is welded to the lower substrate. The first head portion has an outer periphery and an underside. The second head portion is frangibly coupled to the first head portion. The sealing member is disposed under the first head portion between the upper substrate and the first head portion. The sealing member contacts the underside and extends beyond the outer periphery such that the sealing member extends radially outward beyond all points of the first head portion.
1. A method of joining an upper substrate and a lower substrate comprising the steps of:
providing a sealing member between a first head portion of a fastener and the upper substrate; and
rotary friction welding the fastener such that a shank of the fastener extends through the upper substrate and is welded to the lower substrate and simultaneously forming the sealing member under the first head portion such that the sealing member extends radially outward beyond all locations of the first head portion,
wherein the step of rotary friction welding the fastener includes rotating a tool engagement portion of the fastener with rotary tool and surrounding the first head portion with a lateral tooling barrier that limits the sealing member from extending beyond a predetermined diameter that is radially outward of all locations of the first head portion.
2. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the sealing member is a material that is cured by heat from the rotary friction welding step during installation of the fastener.
3. The method according to claim 1 further comprising curing the sealing member with a heat source separate from the rotary friction welding.
4. The method according to claim 3 , wherein the heat source separate from the rotary friction welding is heated air flowing through an installation tool.
5. The method according to claim 3 , wherein the heat source separate from the rotary friction welding is induction heating of the fastener and sealing element prior to installation.
6. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the fastener includes a second head portion frangibly coupled to the first head portion and the method further comprises shearing the second head portion off from the first head portion.
7. A method of joining an upper substrate and a lower substrate comprising the steps of:
providing a sealing member between a first head portion of a fastener and the upper substrate, the upper substrate being between the sealing member and the lower substrate;
engaging and rotating a second head portion of the fastener with a rotary tool until a shank of the fastener is rotary friction welded to at least the lower substrate and the sealing member extends radially outward beyond all locations of the first head portion; and
breaking the second head portion off from the first head portion,
wherein the tool includes a lateral barrier that limits the sealing member from extending beyond a predetermined diameter that is radially outward of all locations of the first head portion.
8. The method according to claim 7 , wherein breaking the second head portion off includes applying torque to the second head portion with the tool.
9. The method according to claim 7 , wherein the first head portion is substantially flat after breaking the second head portion off.
10. The method according to claim 1 , wherein a top surface of the first head portion is substantially flat.
11. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the upper substrate is one of an aluminum material or a magnesium material, and the lower substrate is a steel material.
12. The method according to claim 6 , wherein the second head portion includes a tool engagement portion configured to engage a rotary tool to be rotated about an axis of the fastener.
13. The method according to claim 6 , wherein the second head portion defines a break-neck that couples the second head portion to an upper side of the first head portion, the break-neck having a diameter less than a diameter of an outer perimeter of the first head portion.
14. The method according to claim 7 , wherein a bottom surface of the first head portion is substantially flat.
15. The method according to claim 7 , wherein the upper substrate is one of an aluminum material or a magnesium material, and the lower substrate is a steel material.
16. The method according to claim 7 , wherein the second head portion defines a break-neck that couples the second head portion to an upper side of the first head portion, the break-neck having a diameter less than a diameter of an outer perimeter of the first head portion.