Methods for treating and preventing neutrophil-derived net toxicity and thrombosis
Embodiments of the technology described herein are based upon the discoveries that neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) provide a stimulus for thrombus formation and that NETs are present in stored blood products. Accordingly, some embodiments relate to methods of treating and preventing toxicity of NETs and thrombosis caused by NETs. Additional embodiments are directed towards methods of treating stored blood products to prevent transfusion-related injuries.
1. A method of treating acute lung injury in a subject in need thereof, the method comprising administering to the subject a composition comprising a DNase, wherein an effective amount of the composition for reducing the level of neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) is administered to the subject by injection or infusion.
2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the acute lung injury is caused by embolism, ischemia, hyperoxia, inflammation, sepsis, pancreatitis, oleic acid, acid aspiration, oropharyngeal aspiration, and/or exposure to ozone, polytetrafluoroethylene, nickel sulfate, and/or lipopolysaccharide.
3. The method of claim 1 , wherein the acute lung injury is transfusion-related acute lung injury (TRALI).
4. The method of claim 1 , wherein the injection is intravenous, intramuscular, subcutaneous, or transdermal injection.
5. The method of claim 1 , wherein the infusion is performed over a 5 minute, 10 minute, 15 minute, 20 minute, or 25 minute period.
6. The method of claim 5 , wherein the administration is repeated hourly for at least three cycles.
7. The method of claim 1 , wherein the administration is repeated.
8. The method of claim 7 , wherein the administration is repeated daily for at least one week.
9. The method of claim 7 , wherein the administration is repeated daily for at least one month.
10. The method of claim 7 , wherein the administration is repeated weekly.
11. The method of claim 7 , wherein the administration is repeated biweekly for at least one month.
12. The method of claim 7 , wherein the administration is repeated biweekly for at least two months.
13. The method of claim 7 , wherein the administration is repeated once per month for at least six months.
14. The method of claim 1 , wherein the anti-NET compound is administered at a dose of from about 1 μg/kg to about 100 mg/kg.
15. The method of claim 14 , wherein the anti-NET compound is administered at a dose of from 100 ug/kg to 10 mg/kg.
16. The method of claim 14 , wherein the dose is administered as a controlled-release formulation.
17. The method of claim 1 , wherein a single administration of the anti-NET compound to the subject decreases the concentration of NETs in the patient's bloodstream by at least 10%.
18. The method of claim 17 , wherein a single administration of the anti-NET compound to the subject decreases the concentration of NETs in the patient's bloodstream by at least 30%.
19. The method of claim 17 , wherein a single administration of the anti-NET compound to the subject decreases the concentration of NETs in the patient's bloodstream by at least 50%.
20. The method of claim 1 , wherein the subject is further administered an anti-thrombotic treatment.
21. The method of claim 20 , wherein the anti-thrombotic treatment is selected from heparin, tPA, anistreplase, streptokinase, urokinase, warfarin, idraparinux, fondaparinux, aspirin, an adenosine diphosphate receptor inhibitor, a phosphodiesterase inhibitor, a glycoprotein IIB/IIA inhibitor, an adenosine reuptake inhibitor, and a thromboxane receptor antagonist.