Solar thermoelectric power generation system, and process for making same
A solar thermoelectric power generation system includes roofing products such as shingles with solar heat reflective areas and roofing products with solar heat absorptive areas. Thermoelectric power generating elements are provided in thermal contact with the solar heat reflective areas and the solar heat absorptive areas.
1. A method of generating electrical power using a roofing system comprising
a roof-surfacing material comprising a roofing shingle having a headlap zone and an exposure zone, wherein the exposure zone includes
at least one solar heat reflective area having a bituminous substrate covered with solar heat reflective roofing granules embedded therein, and
at least one solar heat absorptive area having a bituminous substrate covered with solar heat absorptive roofing granules embedded therein so as to form a temperature difference between the at least one solar heat reflective area and the at least one solar heat absorptive area of the roof-surfacing material when the at least one solar heat reflective area and the at least one solar heat absorptive area are exposed to solar radiation, wherein said at least one solar heat reflective area has a first solar heat reflectivity, wherein said at least one solar heat absorptive area has a second solar heat reflectivity, and wherein the difference between the first solar heat reflectivity and the second solar heat reflectivity is at least ten percent; and
a plurality of thermoelectric power generating elements connected in series to provide a predefined output voltage, each of the thermoelectric power generating elements having a first junction in thermal contact with at least one of the solar heat reflective areas and having a second junction in thermal contact with at least one of the solar heat absorptive areas,
the method comprising exposing the at least one solar heat absorptive area and the at least one solar heat reflective area to solar radiation so as to form a temperature difference between the at least one solar heat reflective area and the at least one solar heat absorptive area; and generating electrical power using the series-connected plurality of thermoelectric power generating elements in response to the temperature difference between the at least one solar heat reflective area and the at least one solar heat absorptive area.
2. A method according to claim 1 , wherein in the roof-surfacing material the at least one solar heat reflective area differs in E* from the at least one solar heat absorptive area by less than 5.
3. A method according to claim 1 , wherein in the roof-surfacing material the at least one solar heat reflective area differs in E* from the at least one solar heat absorptive area by less than 2.
4. A method according to claim 1 , wherein in the roof-surfacing material the difference between the first solar heat reflectivity and the second solar heat reflectivity is at least twenty percent.
5. A method according to claim 1 , wherein the roofing system comprises a plurality of thermoelectric power generating elements, and wherein each of said plurality of thermoelectric power generating elements is in thermal contact with said at least one solar heat absorptive area, and wherein each of said plurality of thermoelectric power generating elements is in thermal contact with said at least one heat reflective area.
6. A method according to claim 1 , wherein said at least one solar heat absorptive area is lateral spaced from said at least one solar heat reflective area so as not to overlap said at least one solar heat reflective area.
7. A method according to claim 1 , wherein the roofing system further comprises a layer of thermal insulation positioned under said at least one solar heat reflective area.
8. A method according to claim 1 , wherein the difference between the first solar heat reflectivity and the second solar heat reflectivity is at least twenty percent; and the at least one solar heat reflective area differs in E* from the at least one solar heat absorptive area by less than 5.
9. A method according to claim 1 , wherein the difference between the first solar heat reflectivity and the second solar heat reflectivity is at least twenty percent; and the at least one solar heat reflective area differs in E* from the at least one solar heat absorptive area by less than 5.
10. A method of generating electrical power using a roofing system comprising
a roof-surfacing material comprising a roofing shingle having a headlap zone and an exposure zone, wherein the exposure zone includes
at least one solar heat reflective area having a bituminous substrate covered with solar heat reflective roofing granules embedded therein, and
at least one solar heat absorptive area having a bituminous substrate covered with solar heat absorptive roofing granules embedded therein so as to form a temperature difference between the at least one solar heat reflective area and the at least one solar heat absorptive area of the roof-surfacing material when the at least one solar heat reflective area and the at least one solar heat absorptive area are exposed to solar radiation, wherein said at least one solar heat reflective area has a first solar heat reflectivity, wherein said at least one solar heat absorptive area has a second solar heat reflectivity, wherein the difference between the first solar heat reflectivity and the second solar heat reflectivity is at least ten percent, and wherein the at least one solar heat reflective area differs in E* from the at least one solar heat absorptive area by less than 10; and
a plurality of thermoelectric power generating elements connected in series to provide a predefined output voltage, each of the thermoelectric power generating elements having a first junction in thermal contact with at least one of the solar heat reflective areas and having a second junction in thermal contact with at least one of the solar heat absorptive areas,
the method comprising exposing the at least one solar heat absorptive area and the at least one solar heat reflective area to solar radiation so as to form a temperature difference between the at least one solar heat reflective area and the at least one solar heat absorptive area; and generating electrical power using the series-connected plurality of thermoelectric power generating elements in response to the temperature difference between the at least one solar heat reflective area and the at least one solar heat absorptive area.