Two pass macro image
Two-pass capture of a macro image. In an embodiment, a scanning apparatus comprises a stage, a high-resolution camera, and a lens that provides a field of view, substantially equal in width to a slide width, to the high-resolution camera. The apparatus also comprises a first illumination system for transmission-mode illumination, and a second illumination system for reflection-mode illumination. Processor(s) move the stage in a first direction to capture a first macro image of a specimen during a single pass while the field of view is illuminated by the first illumination system, and move the stage in a second direction to capture a second macro image of the specimen during a single pass while the field of view is illuminated by the second illumination system. The processor(s) identify artifacts in the second macro image, and, based on those artifacts, correct the first macro image to generate a modified first macro image.
1. A digital slide scanning apparatus comprising:
a stage configured to support a glass slide;
a high-resolution camera;
at least one lens configured to provide a field of view to the high-resolution camera along an optical path;
a first illumination system configured to illuminate at least a portion of the glass slide within the field of view via transmission-mode illumination from below the glass slide on the stage;
a second illumination system configured to illuminate at least a portion of the glass slide within the field of view via reflection-mode illumination from above the glass slide on the stage; and
at least one processor configured to, while the stage is supporting the glass slide,
during the transmission-mode illumination by the first illumination system, capture a first macro image of the glass slide using the high-resolution camera,
during the reflection-mode illumination by the second illumination system, capture a second macro image of the glass slide using the high-resolution camera,
identify one or more image artifacts in the second macro image, and,
based on the identified image artifacts in the second macro image, correct the first macro image to generate a modified first macro image that does not include the identified image artifacts.
2. The digital slide scanning apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the at least one lens comprises a first lens that defines a first optical path that provides a first field of view to the high-resolution camera, and a second lens that defines a second optical path that provides a second field of view to the high-resolution camera.
3. The digital slide scanning apparatus of claim 2 , wherein illumination light from the second illumination system is angled with respect to the first lens, such that substantially no illumination light from the second illumination system is reflected into the first lens.
4. The digital slide scanning apparatus of claim 2 , wherein illumination light from the second illumination system is angled with respect to one or both of the first lens and the high-resolution camera, such that substantially no illumination light from the second illumination system is provided to the high-resolution camera via the first optical path.
5. The digital slide scanning apparatus of claim 2 , wherein the second field of view is smaller in area than the first field of view.
6. The digital slide scanning apparatus of claim 2 , wherein the first field of view has a width that is substantially equal to a complete width of the glass slide.
7. The digital slide scanning apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the at least one processor is further configured to use the modified first macro image to find tissue of a specimen on the glass slide.
8. The digital slide scanning apparatus of claim 7 , wherein the at least one processor is further configured to use the tissue found in the modified first macro image to select an initial focus point for scanning the specimen.
9. The digital slide scanning apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the first illumination system comprises a diffuser to uniformly illuminate the at least a portion of the glass slide within the field of view.
10. The digital slide scanning apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the first macro image is captured before the second macro image.
11. The digital slide scanning apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the first macro image is captured after the second macro image.
12. The digital slide scanning apparatus of claim 1 ,
wherein capturing the first macro image comprises moving the stage in a first direction to capture the first macro image of the specimen on the glass slide using the high-resolution camera during a single pass of the glass slide, and
wherein capturing the second macro image comprises moving the stage in a second direction to capture the second macro image of the specimen on the glass slide using the high-resolution camera during a single pass of the glass slide.
13. The digital slide scanning apparatus of claim 12 , wherein the second direction is opposite the first direction.
14. The digital slide scanning apparatus of claim 1 , wherein identifying image artifacts in the second macro image comprises generating an artifact mask from the second macro image.
15. The digital slide scanning apparatus of claim 14 , wherein correcting the first macro image comprises applying the artifact mask to the first macro image.
16. The digital slide scanning apparatus of claim 15 , wherein correcting the first macro image comprises, prior to applying the artifact mask to the first macro image, pre-processing the first macro image to apply one or more of illumination correction, background offsetting, or background noise removal to the first macro image.
17. The digital slide scanning apparatus of claim 14 , wherein identifying artifacts in the second macro image comprises, prior to generating the artifact mask, pre-processing the second macro image to apply background offsetting to the second macro image.
18. The digital slide scanning apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the at least one processor is further configured to, based on the modified first macro image, determine an area of a specimen on the glass slide to scan.
19. The digital slide scanning apparatus of claim 1 , wherein correcting the first macro image comprises altering intensity levels in pixels that represent artifacts, in the first macro image, according to intensity levels in pixels surrounding those pixels that represent artifacts.
20. A method for a digital slide scanning apparatus, which comprises a stage configured to support a glass slide, a high-resolution camera, at least one lens configured to provide a field of view to the high-resolution camera along an optical path, a first illumination system configured to illuminate at least a portion of the glass slide within the field of view via transmission-mode illumination from below the glass slide on the stage, a second illumination system configured to illuminate at least a portion of the glass slide within the field of view via reflection-mode illumination from above the glass slide on the stage, and at least one processor, the method comprising, by the at least one processor of the digital slide scanning apparatus:
during the transmission-mode illumination by the first illumination system, capture a first macro image of the glass slide using the high-resolution camera;
during the reflection-mode illumination by the second illumination system, capture a second macro image of the glass slide using the high-resolution camera;
identify one or more image artifacts in the second macro image; and,
based on the identified image artifacts in the second macro image, correct the first macro image to generate a modified first macro image that does not include the identified image artifacts.