Liquid de-icing brine suspension
Embodiments of the present invention include de-icing compositions, along with the manufacture of and use of the de-icing compositions. The de-icing compositions achieve a higher melting capacity and melt ice for longer times than conventional de-icing solutions. The de-icing compositions include suspensions of salt instead of solutions. These de-icing suspensions can be applied to ice using liquid application systems. Embodiments include a de-icing composition. The de-icing composition is a suspension. The de-icing composition includes a solvent, which includes water. The de-icing composition may also include a salt component in a total concentration greater than the solubility of the salt component in water at a temperature in a range from 0° F. to 40° F. A portion of the salt component may not be dissolved in the solvent. The undissolved portion of the salt component may include particles with an effective diameter less than 500 μm. The de-icing composition may further include a suspending agent.
1. A de-icing composition, the de-icing composition being a suspension, the de-icing composition comprising:
a solvent comprising water;
a salt component in a total concentration greater than the solubility of the salt component in water at a temperature in a range from 0° F. to 40° F., wherein:
a first portion of the salt component is not dissolved in the solvent, and
the first portion of the salt component comprises particles with an effective diameter less than 500 μm; and
a suspending agent.
2. The de-icing composition of claim 1 , wherein:
a second portion of the salt component is dissolved in the solvent, and
the second portion of the salt component is in a concentration equal to the solubility of the salt component in the solvent at the temperature.
3. The de-icing composition of claim 1 , wherein:
the effective diameter is less than 100 μm.
4. The de-icing composition of claim 1 , wherein:
the effective diameter is less than 50 μm.
5. The de-icing composition of claim 1 , wherein:
the total concentration is in a range from 35% to 50%.
6. The de-icing composition of claim 1 , wherein the suspending agent is in a concentration in a range from 0.01% to 5%.
7. The de-icing composition of claim 1 , wherein the salt component is selected from the group consisting of sodium chloride, sodium formate, sodium succinate, sodium acetate, calcium chloride, potassium chloride, potassium acetate, potassium formate, potassium succinate, magnesium chloride, calcium magnesium acetate, sodium citrate, disodium citrate, potassium citrate, potassium magnesium citrate, a salt of EDTA, potassium carbonate, and sodium carbonate.
8. The de-icing composition of claim 1 , wherein the suspending agent is selected from the group consisting of an alginate, acacia, tragacanth, xanthan gum, bentonite, carbomer, carrageenan, powdered cellulose, gelatin, gum Arabic, agar, guar gum, locust bean gum, tara gum, gellan gum, inulin, and konjac.
9. The de-icing composition of claim 1 , further comprising a dispersant.
10. The de-icing composition of claim 1 , wherein the salt component comprises a first salt and a second salt.
11. The de-icing composition of claim 10 , wherein:
the first portion of the salt component comprises the first salt,
a second portion of the salt component is dissolved in the solvent,
the second portion of the salt component is in a concentration equal to the solubility of the salt component in the solvent at 0° F., and
the second portion of the salt component comprises the second salt.
12. The de-icing composition of claim 1 , further comprising a defoamer.
13. The de-icing composition of claim 1 , further comprising a reducing agent.
14. The de-icing composition of claim 1 , wherein the de-icing composition comprises a liquid portion that is at least 50% of the de-icing composition.
15. A method for de-icing, the method comprising:
applying the de-icing composition of claim 1 to ice.
16. The method of claim 15 , wherein:
applying the de-icing composition comprises using a liquid spray applicator.
17. The method of claim 16 , wherein the liquid spray applicator is on a vehicle.
18. The method of claim 15 , wherein the ice is on a road, parking lot, or driveway.
19. The method of claim 15 , further comprising melting the ice.
20. A method of manufacturing a de-icing composition, the method comprising:
adding a solvent comprising water to a salt component and a suspending agent to form a suspension, wherein:
the suspension comprises a first portion of the salt component that is not dissolved in the solvent, and
the first portion of the salt component comprises particles with a first effective diameter;
reducing the first effective diameter of the particles of the first portion of the salt component from the first effective diameter to a second effective diameter; and
transferring the suspension comprising the particles having the second effective diameter to a container,
wherein the second effective diameter is less than 500 μm.
21. The method of claim 20 , further comprising transferring the suspension from the container to a liquid application system on a vehicle.
22. The method of claim 20 , wherein the suspension comprises a defoamer.
23. The method of claim 20 , wherein reducing the first effective diameter of the particles of the first portion of the salt component comprises using a shear pump.
24. The method of claim 20 , wherein adding the solvent, reducing the first effective diameter, and transferring the suspension are steps in a continuous process.
25. The method of claim 20 , wherein adding the solvent, reducing the first effective diameter, and transferring the suspension are steps in a batch process.
26. The method of claim 25 , wherein:
the container is a first container, the method further comprising:
transferring the suspension from the first container to a second container, and
transferring the suspension from the second container to a liquid application system on a vehicle.
27. The method of claim 20 , further comprising:
applying the suspension to ice.
28. The method of claim 20 , wherein:
a second portion of the salt component is dissolved in the solvent, and
the second portion of the salt component is in a concentration equal to the solubility of the salt component in the solvent at a temperature in a range from 0° F. to 40° F.