Reactor packing with preferential flow catalyst
The present invention relates to reactor tubes packed with a catalyst system employed to deliberately bias process gas flow toward the hot tube segment and away from the cold segment in order to reduce the circumferential tube temperature variation.
1. A catalyst with a structural element disposed in the interior of one or more tubes within a tubular reformer, comprising: a structural element that circumferentially biases a process gas flow, where the process gas stream comprise steam and at least one hydrocarbon, toward the at least one tube wall side of greater incident heat flux.
2. The structural element of claim 1 , wherein the structural element directs flow away from tube wall sides of lesser incident heat flux.
3. The structural element of claim 1 , wherein the structural element is a flow resistance element disposed between catalyst sections along the length of the tube.
4. The structural element of claim 3 , wherein the flow resistance elements are perforated plates or grates with circumferentially non-uniform open channels.
5. The structural element of claim 3 , wherein the flow resistance elements have a lesser flow resistance toward the sides of the tube with greater incident flux, thereby biasing flow toward these tube wall sides.
6. The structural element of claim 5 , wherein the flow resistance elements have a greater flow resistance toward the sides of the tube with lesser incident heat flux, thereby biasing flow away from these tube wall sides.
7. The catalyst with a structural element of claim 1 , wherein the catalyst is in pelletized form supported by the structural element where said element is a perforated metal basket having non-uniform flow openings that preferentially directs flow.
8. The structural element of claim 7 , wherein a greater portion of flow opening is disposed adjacent the tube wall sides with greater incident heat flux.
9. The structural element of claim 7 , wherein a lesser portion of flow opening is disposed adjacent the tube wall sides with less incident heat flux.
10. The catalyst with a structural element of claim 7 , wherein the catalyst activity is increased in the direction of biased gas flow by employing a pellet catalyst with higher catalytic surface area on the tube sides with greater incident heat flux than on the tube sides with lesser incident heat flux.
11. The catalyst of claim 1 , wherein the structural element is coated with said catalyst.
12. The structural element of claim 1 , wherein the structural element is a flow resistance element that is selected from the group comprising of fan folds, thickened baffles, and structural baskets.
13. The catalyst with a structural element of claim 1 , wherein the catalytic activity is increased in the direction of biased gas flow by employing a catalyst with higher active metal loading on the tube sides with greater incident heat flux than on the tube sides with lesser incident heat flux.