Handover analysis for a moving vehicle
A method for performing a handover analysis is provided. The method can include obtaining base station location information for a plurality of base stations that provide a wireless network for communication with a moving vehicle, obtaining position and velocity information for the moving vehicle, and generating at least one handover metric computed from the position and velocity information and the base station location information, for use in determining a target base station to be used when performing a handover procedure to transition communication with the moving vehicle from the current base station to the target base station. This enables a variety of handover metrics to be generated that take into account the deployment of the wireless network, which can be useful in systems such as Air to Ground (ATG) systems where the moving vehicles have a relatively high velocity, and the base stations may be relatively far apart.
1. An apparatus comprising:
base station location identifying circuitry configured to obtain base station location information for a plurality of base stations that provide a wireless network for communication with a moving vehicle;
moving vehicle tracking circuitry configured to obtain position and velocity information for the moving vehicle; and
handover metrics computation circuitry configured to generate at least one handover metric computed from the position and velocity information for the moving vehicle and the base station location information, for use in determining a target base station in the plurality of base stations to be used when performing a handover procedure to transition communication with the moving vehicle from a current base station in the plurality of base stations to the target base station;
wherein:
the handover metrics computation circuitry is arranged to generate the at least one handover metric for each candidate target base station of a plurality of candidate target base stations;
the at least one handover metric comprises at least one Doppler effect metric indicative of an impact the Doppler effect will have on transmitted signals between the moving vehicle and a candidate target base station;
the handover metrics computation circuitry is arranged to compute, for each candidate target base station of the plurality of candidate target base stations, the at least one Doppler effect metric for that candidate target base station; and
the at least one Doppler effect metric is an indication of a speed of change of the Doppler effect on transmitted signals between the moving vehicle and the candidate target base station.
2. An apparatus as claimed in claim 1 , wherein the plurality of candidate target base stations are determined with reference to the current base station.
3. An apparatus as claimed claim 1 , wherein the at least one Doppler effect metric is an indication of relative speed between the moving vehicle and the candidate target base station.
4. An apparatus as claimed in claim 3 , wherein the handover metrics computation circuitry is arranged to compute the indication of relative speed between the moving vehicle and the candidate target base station by:
computing, based on current position information for the moving vehicle and location information for the candidate target base station, a separation vector extending between the moving vehicle and the candidate target base station; and
computing a component of the velocity of the moving vehicle along that separation vector.
5. An apparatus as claimed in claim 1 , wherein:
the handover metrics computation circuitry is arranged to compute the indication of the speed of change of the Doppler effect on transmitted signals between the moving vehicle and the candidate target base station by computing a change in relative speed between the moving vehicle and the candidate target base station.
6. An apparatus as claimed in claim 1 , wherein the at least one Doppler effect metric is used to increase a probability of selecting, as the target base station, the candidate target base station least affected by the Doppler effect.
7. An apparatus as claimed in claim 1 , wherein:
the handover metrics computation circuitry is further arranged to generate the at least one handover metric for the current base station.
8. An apparatus as claimed in claim 1 , further comprising:
handover decision circuitry configured to select, based on the handover metrics generated by the handover metrics computation circuitry, which one of the plurality of candidate target base stations is to be used as the target base station to which communication with the moving vehicle is to be transitioned from the current base station.
9. An apparatus as claimed in claim 1 , further comprising:
handover decision circuitry arranged to determine, based on the handover metrics generated by the handover metrics computation circuitry, whether to transition communication with the moving vehicle from the current base station to one of the plurality of candidate target base stations.
10. An apparatus as claimed in claim 8 , wherein the handover metrics generated by the handover metrics computation circuitry are subjected to a normalisation and weighting operation prior to being used by the handover decision circuitry.
11. An apparatus as claimed in claim 8 , wherein the handover metrics computation circuitry is arranged to perform a filtering operation using the generated handover metrics in order to determine whether to eliminate any of the plurality of candidate target base stations from consideration by the handover decision circuitry.
12. An apparatus as claimed in claim 8 , wherein the handover decision circuitry is arranged to issue a forced handover signal to the current base station, identifying the target base station, in order to initiate performance of a handover procedure to transition communication with the moving vehicle from the current base station to the target base station.
13. An apparatus as claimed in claim 1 , wherein the apparatus is provided within a management server for the wireless network, to compute the at least one handover metric for multiple moving vehicles connected to the wireless network.
14. An apparatus as claimed in claim 1 , wherein the apparatus is provided within the moving vehicle.
15. An apparatus comprising:
base station location identifying circuitry configured to obtain base station location information for a plurality of base stations that provide a wireless network for communication with a moving vehicle;
moving vehicle tracking circuitry configured to obtain position and velocity information for the moving vehicle; and
handover metrics computation circuitry configured to generate at least one handover metric computed from the position and velocity information for the moving vehicle and the base station location information, for use in determining a target base station in the plurality of base stations to be used when performing a handover procedure to transition communication with the moving vehicle from a current base station in the plurality of base stations to the target base station;
wherein:
the handover metrics computation circuitry is arranged to generate the at least one handover metric for each candidate target base station of a plurality of candidate target base stations;
the at least one handover metric comprises an uplink capacity metric indicative of a number of sub-frames available for allocation for uplink communication from the moving vehicle to the candidate target base station; and
the handover metrics computation circuitry is arranged to compute, for each candidate target base station of the plurality of candidate target base stations, the uplink capacity metric for that candidate target base station.
16. An apparatus as claimed in claim 15 , wherein:
the number of sub-frames available for allocation for uplink communication from the moving vehicle to the candidate target base station is dependent on a separation distance between the moving vehicle and the candidate target base station; and
the handover metrics computation circuitry is arranged to compute the uplink capacity metric for each candidate target base station by:
computing, based on current position information for the moving vehicle and location information for the candidate target base station, a separation distance between the moving vehicle and the candidate target base station; and
determining the uplink capacity metric in dependence on the computed separation distance.
17. An apparatus as claimed in claim 16 , wherein the handover metrics computation circuitry is arranged to receive capacity reports from the plurality of candidate target base stations about uplink capacity utilisation, and to determine the uplink capacity metric in dependence on both the computed separation distance and the capacity report received from the candidate target base station.
18. An apparatus as claimed in claim 15 , wherein the uplink capacity metric is used to increase a probability of selecting, as the target base station, the candidate target base station having the most uplink capacity.
19. An apparatus comprising:
base station location identifying circuitry configured to obtain base station location information for a plurality of base stations that provide a wireless network for communication with a moving vehicle;
moving vehicle tracking circuitry configured to obtain position and velocity information for the moving vehicle; and
handover metrics computation circuitry configured to generate at least one handover metric computed from the position and velocity information for the moving vehicle and the base station location information, for use in determining a target base station in the plurality of base stations to be used when performing a handover procedure to transition communication with the moving vehicle from a current base station in the plurality of base stations to the target base station;
wherein:
the handover metrics computation circuitry is arranged to generate the at least one handover metric for each candidate target base station of a plurality of candidate target base stations;
the moving vehicle tracking circuitry is further arranged to obtain a bearing indication for the moving vehicle;
the handover metrics computation circuitry is provided with antenna information for the moving vehicle;
the at least one handover metric comprises an antenna gain metric; and
the handover metrics computation circuitry is arranged to compute, for each candidate target base station of the plurality of candidate target base stations, the antenna gain metric based on the antenna information, the bearing of the moving vehicle and a separation vector extending between the moving vehicle and the candidate target base station, where the separation vector is computed from current position information for the moving vehicle and location information for the candidate target base station.
20. A method of performing a handover analysis, comprising:
obtaining base station location information for a plurality of base stations that provide a wireless network for communication with a moving vehicle;
obtaining position and velocity information for the moving vehicle; and
employing handover metrics computation circuitry to generate at least one handover metric computed from the position and velocity information for the moving vehicle and the base station location information, for use in determining a target base station in the plurality of base stations to be used when performing a handover procedure to transition communication with the moving vehicle from a current base station in the plurality of base stations to the target base station;
wherein:
the handover metrics computation circuitry generates the at least one handover metric for each candidate target base station of a plurality of candidate target base stations;
the at least one handover metric comprises at least one Doppler effect metric indicative of an impact the Doppler effect will have on transmitted signals between the moving vehicle and a candidate target base station;
the handover metrics computation circuitry computes, for each candidate target base station of the plurality of candidate target base stations, the at least one Doppler effect metric for that candidate target base station; and
the at least one Doppler effect metric is an indication of a speed of change of the Doppler effect on transmitted signals between the moving vehicle and the candidate target base station.