Display apparatus and method of manufacturing the same
A display apparatus having improved reliability and preventing or reducing damage to an organic light-emitting diode (OLED), and a method of manufacturing the display apparatus by arranging a protective layer on an opposite electrode during a photo-patterning process, are provided. The display apparatus includes: a substrate; a pixel electrode on the substrate; a pixel defining layer on the pixel electrode, the pixel defining layer having a first opening that exposes a center of the pixel electrode; an auxiliary electrode on the pixel defining layer; an intermediate layer on the pixel electrode; an opposite electrode facing the pixel electrode with the intermediate layer therebetween; a first protective layer on the opposite electrode; and a contact electrode on the first protective layer, the contact electrode electrically contacting the auxiliary electrode and the opposite electrode.
1. A display apparatus comprising:
a substrate;
a pixel electrode on the substrate;
a pixel defining layer on the pixel electrode, the pixel defining layer having a first opening that exposes a center portion of the pixel electrode;
an auxiliary electrode on the pixel defining layer;
an intermediate layer on the pixel electrode;
an opposite electrode facing the pixel electrode with the intermediate layer therebetween;
a first protective layer on the opposite electrode; and
a contact electrode on the first protective layer, the contact electrode being in electrical contact with the auxiliary electrode and the opposite electrode,
wherein an end of the auxiliary electrode and an end of the opposite electrode are spaced apart from each other with the contact electrode therebetween..
2. The display apparatus of claim 1 , wherein
the auxiliary electrode has a second opening that exposes at least partially an upper surface of the pixel defining layer, the second opening being larger than the first opening.
3. The display apparatus of claim 1 , wherein
an end of the auxiliary electrode and an end of the intermediate layer are spaced apart from each other on the pixel defining layer.
4. The display apparatus of claim 1 , wherein
the first protective layer on the opposite electrode at least partially exposes opposite end portions of the opposite electrode.
5. The display apparatus of claim 4 , wherein
the first protective layer comprises an inorganic material having an optical bandgap of 3 eV or greater.
6. The display apparatus of claim 5 , wherein
the first protective layer comprises metal oxide having a dielectric constant of 10 or greater.
7. The display apparatus of claim 6 , wherein
the first protective layer comprises a light-transmitting organic material.
8. The display apparatus of claim 7 , wherein
the first protective layer has a thickness of 1 nm to 100 nm.
9. The display apparatus of claim 1 , wherein
the contact electrode comprises a light-transmitting conductive material.
10. The display apparatus of claim 9 , wherein
the contact electrode directly and electrically contacts the opposite electrode, at opposite end portions of the opposite electrode that are at least partially exposed by the first protective layer.
11. The display apparatus of claim 10 , wherein
the contact electrode directly and electrically contacts the auxiliary electrode.
12. The display apparatus of claim 1 , further comprising
a second protective layer on the contact electrode.