Combinatorial photo-controlled spatial sequencing and labeling

1. A system for labeling molecules within one or more portions of a plurality of cells, the system comprising:

a reagent depot configured to be in fluid communication with a plurality of cells, the reagent depot comprising:

a first reagent solution comprising a photo-controlled adapter sequence; and

a second reagent solution including a plurality of primary nucleic acid tags; and

a photonic energy source configured to expose portions of the plurality of cells to photonic energy.

2. The system of claim 1 , wherein the reagent depot further comprises a third reagent solution comprising a plurality of secondary nucleic acid tags coupleable to the plurality of primary nucleic tags.

3. The system of claim 1 , wherein the photo-controlled adapter sequence includes a photocaged adapter sequence or a photocleavable adapter sequence.

4. The system of claim 1 , wherein the photo-controlled adapter sequence includes a photocleavable adapter sequence comprising:

a first hybridization domain;

a domain at least partially complementary to the first hybridization domain; and

a photo-controlled linker coupling the first hybridization domain and the domain at least partially complementary to the first hybridization domain.

5. The system of claim 4 , wherein primary nucleic acid tags of the plurality of primary nucleic acid tags comprise:

a domain complementary to the first hybridization domain; and

a primary barcode domain.

6. The system of claim 5 , wherein secondary nucleic acid tags of the plurality of secondary nucleic acid tags comprise:

a secondary barcode domain at least partially complementary to the primary barcode domain;

a second hybridization domain;

a domain at least partially complementary to the second hybridization domain; and

a second photo-controlled linker coupling the second hybridization domain with the domain at least partially complementary to the second hybridization domain.

7. The system of claim 1 , wherein the reagent depot includes a reagent solution comprising reagent selected from the group consisting of a phosphatase enzyme, a reverse transcriptase, a fixation agent, a permeabilization agent, a ligation agent, a lysis agent, and combinations thereof.

8. The system of claim 1 , further comprising a stage configured to receive or hold the plurality of cells.

9. The system of claim 1 , further comprising a programmable light patterning system operably coupled to the photonic energy source.

10. The system of claim 1 , further comprising a controller operatively coupled to reagent depot and the photonic energy source.

11. The system of claim 10 , wherein the controller includes logic that, when executed by the controller, causes the system to perform operations including:

(a) coupling at least one photo-controlled adapter sequence to molecules within the plurality of cells;

(b) exposing a first portion of the plurality of cells to photonic energy to activate the at least one photo-controlled adapter sequence within the first portion of the plurality of cells;

(c) providing primary nucleic acid tags to the plurality of cells;

(d) coupling the activated photo-controlled adapter sequences within the first portion of the plurality of cells with the provided primary nucleic acid tags;

(e) exposing a second portion of the plurality of cells to photonic energy to activate the at least one photo-controlled adapter sequence and/or the primary nucleic acid tags within the second portion of the plurality of cells;

(f) providing secondary nucleic acid tags to the plurality of cells;

(g) coupling the activated photo-controlled adapter sequence and/or the activated primary nucleic acid tags within the second portion of the plurality of cells with the provided secondary nucleic acid tags, and

(h) permeabilizing at least a portion of the plurality of cells to nucleic acids and polypeptides prior to step (a).

12. The system of claim 11 , wherein the controller further includes logic that, when executed by the controller, causes the system to perform operations including:

repeating steps (b), (c), and (d) with subsequent nucleic acid tags and within subsequent portions of the plurality of cells, wherein steps (b), (c), and (d) are repeated a number of times sufficient to generate a unique series of nucleic acid tags for the molecules within a specific portion of the plurality of cells.

13. The system of claim 10 , wherein the controller includes logic that, when executed by the controller, causes the system to perform operations including:

(a) generating complementary DNAs (cDNAs) within the plurality of cells comprising the first portion by reverse transcribing RNAs using a reverse transcription primer, the reverse transcription primer comprising:

a first hybridization domain;

a domain at least partially complementary to the first hybridization domain; and

a photo-controlled linker coupling the first hybridization domain and the domain at least partially complementary to the first hybridization domain;

(b) exposing the first portion of the plurality of cells to photonic energy to activate a portion of the photo-controlled linkers within the first portion;

(c) providing primary nucleic acid tags to the plurality of cells, wherein each of the primary nucleic acid tags comprises:

a domain complementary to the first hybridization domain; and

a primary barcode domain;

(d) coupling the activated photo-controlled linkers within the first portion with the provided primary nucleic acid tags;

(e) providing secondary nucleic acid tags to the plurality of cells, wherein each of the secondary nucleic acid tags comprises:

a secondary barcode domain at least partially complementary to the primary barcode domain;

a second hybridization domain;

a domain at least partially complementary to the second hybridization domain; and

a second photo-controlled linker coupling the second hybridization domain with the domain at least partially complementary to the second hybridization domain;

(f) coupling a portion of the primary nucleic acid tags within the first portion with the secondary nucleic acid tags;

(g) exposing the first portion of the plurality of cells to photonic energy to activate a portion of the second photo-controlled linkers within the first portion;

(h) repeating steps (e), (f), and (g) with subsequent nucleic acid tags, and

(i) permeabilizing at least a portion of the plurality of cells to nucleic acids and polypeptides prior to step (a).

14. The system of claim 13 , wherein the controller further includes logic that, when executed by the controller, causes the system to perform operations including:

repeating steps (b), (c), and (d) with subsequent nucleic acid tags, wherein steps (b), (c), and (d) are repeated a number of times sufficient to generate a unique series of barcode domains within the first portion of the plurality of cells.

15. A kit for labeling molecules within one or more portions of a plurality of cells, the kit comprising:

a photo-controlled adapter sequence comprising a hybridization domain;

a plurality of primary nucleic acid tags comprising a domain complementary to the hybridization domain and a primary barcode domain; and

a plurality of secondary nucleic acid tags comprising a secondary barcode domain, wherein the primary nucleic acid tags are coupleable to the secondary nucleic acid tags;

one or more additional pluralities of nucleic acid tags, wherein each nucleic acid tag comprises a barcode domain; and

at least one of a phosphatase enzyme, a reverse transcriptase, a fixation agent, a permeabilization agent, a ligation agent, and a lysis agent.