Electrically enhanced Haber-Bosch (EEHB) anhydrous ammonia synthesis

1. A reactor for producing ammonia from nitrogen and hydrogen gas with a supported catalyst, comprising:

a reactor body comprising an elongated tube having a first terminal end and a second terminal end opposite the first terminal end;

an inlet in fluid communication with the first terminal end of the elongated tube for providing the nitrogen and hydrogen gas to the reactor;

an electrical port extending into the elongated tube from the first terminal end;

an interchangeable container positioned at and removably secured to the second terminal end of the elongated tube and in fluid communication with the second terminal end of the elongated tube, wherein the interchangeable container is a separate and distinct structure from the reactor body such that the interchangeable container removably secured to the second terminal end of the elongated tube can be changed;

one or more electrodes disposed within the interchangeable container;

an electride-supported metal-containing catalyst disposed within the interchangeable container; and

an outlet for receiving product gases;

wherein the electride-supported metal-containing catalyst is disposed exclusively within the interchangeable container; and

wherein the electrical port is configured to transmit an electrical current from a power source to one or more electrodes disposed within the interchangeable container.

2. The reactor of claim 1 , further comprising a condenser for condensing an ammonia gas in the product gases to ammonia liquid.

3. The reactor of claim 1 , wherein the metal of the electride- supported metal-containing catalyst comprises ruthenium.

4. The reactor of claim 1 , wherein a support material of the electride-supported metal-containing catalyst is selected from the group consisting of Pentacalcium trialuminate (C5A3), Monocalcium aluminate (CA), Tricalcium aluminate (C3A) and Calcium oxide (CaO).

5. The reactor of claim 1 , wherein a weight percent of a catalyst on the electride-supported metal-containing catalyst is between about 0.5 wt. % and about 20 wt. %.

6. The reactor of claim 1 , wherein a catalyst dispersion of the electride-supported metal-containing catalyst is between 0.1% and about 90%.

7. The reactor of claim 1 , wherein a surface area of the electride-supported metal-containing catalyst is between about 1 and 100 m 2 /g.

8. The reactor of claim 1 , wherein the electrical port provides an electrical current selected from the group consisting of DC, pulsed DC, Nonfaradaic Electrochemical Modification of Catalyst Activity (NEMCA)-mode electrical bias, an electrical field enhancement or AC electrical current.

9. The reactor of claim 1 , wherein at least one of the one or more electrodes is an annular electrode disposed within the interchangeable container.

10. The reactor of claim 1 , wherein the reactor comprises at least two electrodes disposed within the interchangeable container, and at least two of the at least two electrodes are concentrically aligned annular electrodes disposed within the interchangeable container.

11. The reactor of claim 9 , wherein the interchangeable container comprises a first end abutting the second terminal end of the elongated tube of the reactor body and a second end opposite the first end, and the reactor further comprises:

a porous support located proximate the second end of the interchangeable container;

wherein the electride-supported metal-containing catalyst is disposed on the porous support.

12. The reactor of claim 11 , wherein the porous support comprises a ceramic fiber, and wherein the porous support is configured to hold the electride-supported metal-containing catalyst in place within the interchangeable container while allowing product gas to pass through the porous support.

13. The reactor of claim 10 , wherein the electride supported metal-containing catalyst is located at least between adjacent concentrically aligned annular electrodes.

14. The reactor of claim 9 , wherein the electrical port is connected to the at least one annular electrode.

15. The reactor of claim 14 , wherein the interchangeable container comprises a cup sidewall, and wherein the electrical port is further connected to the cup sidewall such that the cup sidewall acts as an additional electrode.

16. The reactor of claim 9 , wherein the interchangeable container comprises a central axis, and the reactor further comprises:

a central electrode rod aligned with the central axis of the interchangeable container;

wherein the at least one annular electrode is concentrically aligned with the central electrode rod.

17. The reactor of claim 1 , wherein the interchangeable container comprises a first end and a second end opposite the first end, and the first end of the container abuts the second terminal end of the elongated tube.

18. The reactor of claim 17 , wherein the second end of the interchangeable container is porous.

19. The reactor of claim 1 , wherein:

the interchangeable container comprises a flange at a first end of the interchangeable container;

the elongated tube comprises a flange at the second terminal end of the elongated tube; and

the flange at the first end of the interchangeable container is removably secured to the flange at the second terminal end of the elongated to tube to thereby removably secure the interchangeable container to the elongated tube.

20. The reactor of claim 19 , wherein the flange at the first end of the interchangeable container is removably secured to the flange at the second terminal end of the elongated tube using bolts or adhesive.