Imaging systems and related methods including radar imaging with moving arrays or moving targets

1. An imaging system comprising:

an antenna array configured to emit electromagnetic energy towards a target and to receive electromagnetic energy reflected from the target at first and second moments in time;

a position capture system configured to generate position information indicative of locations of one of the antenna array or the target at the first and second moments in time, and wherein the one of the antenna array or the target moves between the first and second moments in time;

a transceiver configured to control the antenna array to emit the electromagnetic energy towards the target and to generate an output that is indicative of the electromagnetic energy received via the antenna array;

a data acquisition system coupled with the transceiver and configured to use the output from the transceiver to generate radar data; and

processing circuitry configured to process the position information and the radar data to generate image data of an image of the target.

2. The system of claim 1 wherein the position capture system is an optical position capture system configured to monitor the locations of the one of the antenna array or the target at the first and second moments in time.

3. The system of claim 2 wherein the optical position capture system comprises a plurality of cameras individually configured to monitor the locations of the one of the antenna array or the target at the first and second moments in time.

4. The system of claim 3 wherein the cameras are positioned at fixed locations about a position capture volume and the movement of the one of the antenna array or the target is within the position capture volume.

5. The system of claim 3 wherein the optical position capture system is configured to monitor locations of markers on the one of the antenna array or the target to generate the position information.

6. The system of claim 1 wherein the processing circuitry is configured to use the position information to weight intensities of a plurality of voxels of the radar data.

7. The system of claim 1 wherein the antenna array comprises a plurality of transmit antennas arranged in a first column and a plurality of receive antennas arranged in a second column.

8. The system of claim 7 wherein the movement of the one of the antenna array or the target moves between the first and second moments in time is in a direction which is substantially orthogonal to the first column and the second column.

9. The system of claim 8 wherein the first and second columns define a first axis of an aperture comprising a plurality of voxels, the movement of the one of the antenna array or the target defines a second axis of the aperture, and the transceiver is configured to emit the electromagnetic energy having a plurality of different frequencies within a frequency range to define a third axis of the aperture.

10. The system of claim 9 wherein the aperture comprises a plurality of voxels, and the transceiver is configured to control the antenna array to emit the electromagnetic energy having a plurality of different frequencies for each of the voxels.

11. The system of claim 1 wherein the antenna array is positioned at the same location at the first and second moments in time, and the target moves with respect to the antenna array between the first and second moments in time.

12. The system of claim 1 wherein the target is positioned at the same location at the first and second moments in time, and the antenna array moves with respect to the target between the first and second moments in time.

13. The system of claim 1 wherein the transceiver is configured to control the emission of electromagnetic energy in a frequency range of 0.1-100 GHz from the antenna array.

14. The system of claim 1 wherein the transceiver is configured to control the emission of electromagnetic energy in a frequency range of 10-20 GHz from the antenna array.

15. The system of claim 1 wherein the transceiver is configured to control the emission of electromagnetic energy including a sweep of a plurality of different frequencies of a bandwidth.

16. The system of claim 1 wherein the position information and the radar data are synchronized in time with respect to one another.

17. The system of claim 1 wherein the antenna array is embodied in a scanning device configured to be held and moved by a user between the first and second moments in time.

18. The system of claim 1 wherein the processing circuitry is configured to use the position information to determine a plurality of ranges between the transmit and receive antennas and a plurality of voxels of a scanned aperture at the first and second moments in time, and to use the determined ranges to generate the image data regarding the target.

19. The system of claim 1 wherein the image is a three-dimensional image of the target.

20. The system of claim 1 wherein the position capture system is configured to generate the position information indicative of the locations of the target at the first and second moments in time, and wherein the target moves between the first and second moments in time.

21. The system of claim 20 wherein the movement of the target is controlled independent of the imaging system between the first and second moments in time.

22. The system of claim 20 wherein the position capture system is configured to generate the position information indicative of the locations of the target in space.

23. The system of claim 20 wherein the position capture system is configured to generate the position information indicative of the locations of the target at different coordinates of a coordinate system.

24. The system of claim 20 wherein the target is a human.

25. The system of claim 20 wherein a location of the antenna array does not change between the first and second moments in time.

26. The system of claim 1 wherein a plurality of transmit and receive elements of the antenna array are arranged in a direction that is substantially orthogonal to a direction of the movement of the one of the antenna array or the target between the first and second moments in time.

27. The system of claim 26 wherein the target moves in a substantially linear direction between the first and second moments in time.

28. The system of claim 1 further comprising an interface configured to use the image data to generate a visual representation of the image.

29. The system of claim 1 wherein the antenna array comprises a plurality of transmit antennas and a plurality of receive antennas, and wherein different pairs of the transmit and receive antennas are selected at different times to transmit and receive the electromagnetic energy.

30. The system of claim 1 wherein the movement of the one of the antenna array or the target is from a first location in space to a second location in space between the first and second moments in time.

31. The system of claim 30 wherein the antenna array is stationary between the first and second moments in time, and the antenna array is configured to emit the electromagnetic energy and to receive the electromagnetic energy as the target moves adjacent to the antenna array between the first and second moments in time.

32. The system of claim 31 wherein the target is a person walking adjacent to the antenna array.

33. The system of claim 31 wherein the first and second locations in space are on opposite sides of the antenna array.

34. The system of claim 20 wherein the movement of the target is autonomously controlled by the target.