Dosimeters including lensless imaging systems
Among other things, a method comprises imaging a sample displaced between a sensor surface and a surface of a microscopy sample chamber to produce an image of at least a part of the sample. The image is produced using lensless optical microscopy, and the sample contains at least blood from a subject. The method also comprises automatically differentiating cells of different types in the image, generating a count of one or more cell types based on the automatic differentiation, and deriving a radiation dose the subject has absorbed based on the count.
1. A method comprising:
adding labeled antibodies to a blood sample of a subject,
producing an image of the blood sample using lensless optical microscopy, the blood sample including the labeled antibodies;
detecting the labeled antibodies in the image, wherein the labeled antibodies are bound to cells of one or more different types in the image based on the labeled antibodies being directed against the cells of the one or more different types;
generating counts of the cells of the one or more different types in the image based on the labeled antibodies in the image; and
based on the counts, deriving a radiation dose of the subject.
2. The method of claim 1 in which the labeled antibodies are specific to surface antigens of lymphocytes in the blood sample.
3. The method of claim 2 in which the surface antigens comprise CD3 or CD19 or both.
4. The method of claim 2 in which the lymphocytes comprise T lymphocytes or B lymphocytes or both.
5. The method of claim 1 in which the labeled antibodies are fluorescent or microbead-labeled or both.
6. The method of claim 1 comprising transferring the blood sample from the subject using a pipette system that includes the labeled antibodies.
7. The method of claim 1 in which the generation of the counts is performed automatically.
8. The method of claim 1 in which the cells of the one or more different types comprise lymphocytes.
9. The method of claim 1 , in which the blood sample comprises a first blood sample taken at a first time from the subject, and the method comprises
performing the adding, producing, detecting generating, and deriving activities for a second blood sample taken from the subject at a second, different time, and
estimating lymphocyte depletion based on the adding, producing, detecting, generating, and deriving of the first blood sample and the second blood sample.
10. The method of claim 1 comprising correcting the counts for a volume of the imaged blood sample.
11. The method of claim 1 , in which the blood sample contains diluted blood, and the method comprises correcting the counts for dilution of the imaged blood sample.
12. The method of claim 1 , in which producing the image comprises producing the image at a resolution of 1 mega pixels or higher.
13. The method of claim 1 , comprising remixing and resampling the blood sample by raising and lowering a surface of a sample chamber in which the blood sample is disposed.
14. The method of claim 1 , in which the image contains information about cells distributed in no more than a monolayer in the blood sample.
15. The method of claim 1 , comprising including in the sample microbeads coupled to the labeled antibodies to endow the microbeads with binding specificity.
16. The method of claim 15 , comprising including in the sample microbeads of two or more different sizes.
17. The method of claim 15 , comprising including in the sample microbeads of two or more different shapes.
18. The method of claim 15 , comprising including in the sample microbeads that are at least one of transparent, colored, fluorescent, and opaque.
19. The method of claim 1 , comprising moving a first surface of a chamber relative to a sensor surface of an image sensor by which the image is captured.
20. The method of claim 19 , comprising moving the first surface parallel to the sensor surface during at least part of motion of the first surface relative to the sensor surface.
21. The method of claim 1 , comprising including the labeled antibodies in a pipette system.