Coal-derived solid hydrocarbon particles
The coal-derived solid hydrocarbon particles are discrete particles of coal-derived carbonaceous matter having a particle size less than about 10 μm that are substantially free of inherent or entrained mineral matter. The particles of have an average particle size in the range from 1 μm to 8 μm. The particles of coal-derived carbonaceous matter are milled to a size approximately the same as a size of coal-derived mineral matter inherent in the coal source to release inherent coal-derived mineral matter particles such that the particles of carbonaceous matter and the particles of mineral matter are discrete and separable solid particles. Following separation, less than 1.5 wt. % discrete coal-derived mineral matter particles are associated with the discrete particles of coal-derived carbonaceous matter. Particles of coal-derived solid hydrocarbon matter are blended with a gaseous or liquid hydrocarbon fuel to form a two-phase hydrocarbon fuel feedstock.
1. A process for obtaining particles of coal-derived solid hydrocarbon separated from particles of coal-derived mineral matter comprising:
obtaining an aqueous slurry of coal-derived solids comprising:
discrete particles of composite coal composed of a solid carbonaceous matter matrix and inherent mineral matter inherent in the carbonaceous matter matrix;
discrete particles of coal-derived mineral matter; and
a quantity of water, wherein the aqueous slurry contains greater than 25 wt. % solid particles comprising the discrete particles of composite coal and discrete particles of coal-derived mineral matter, and wherein the discrete particles of composite coal and discrete particles of coal-derived mineral matter have a particle size less than about 100 μm;
separating the particles of composite coal from the particles of coal-derived mineral matter via a first froth flotation separation to yield a first coal-froth containing less than 8 wt. % coal-derived mineral matter on a dry basis;
mechanically removing water from a portion of the first coal-froth to yield a wet filter cake;
blending the wet filter cake and first coal-froth to form a mixture containing from 45 to 55 wt. % solids;
adding a dispersant to the mixture to reduce particle agglomeration and enable subsequent froth flotation;
milling the mixture to form discrete particles of coal-derived solid hydrocarbon and discrete particles of coal-derived mineral matter having an average particle size in the range from 1 μm to 10 μm;
separating the particles of coal-derived solid hydrocarbon from the particles of coal-derived mineral matter in the milled mixture via a second froth flotation separation to yield a second coal-froth containing less than 1.5 wt. % coal-derived mineral matter on a dry basis; and
mechanically removing water from the second coal-froth to yield a second wet filter cake comprising the particles of coal-derived solid hydrocarbon separated from the particles of coal-derived mineral matter.
2. The process for obtaining particles of coal-derived solid hydrocarbon according to claim 1 , wherein the first coal-froth contains less than 5 wt. % coal-derived mineral matter on a dry basis.
3. The process for obtaining particles of coal-derived solid hydrocarbon according to claim 1 , wherein the first coal-froth contains less than 2.5 wt. % coal-derived mineral matter on a dry basis.
4. The process for obtaining particles of coal-derived solid hydrocarbon according to claim 1 , further comprising:
combining the second wet filter cake with a liquid hydrocarbon to form a suspension comprising at least 50 wt. % solid particles with respect to the liquid hydrocarbon; and
mechanically removing water, coal-derived mineral matter, and liquid hydrocarbon from the suspension to form a hydrocarbon filter cake comprising particles of coal-derived solid hydrocarbon and liquid hydrocarbon.
5. The process for obtaining particles of coal-derived solid hydrocarbon according to claim 4 , wherein the hydrocarbon filter cake comprises less than 1 wt. % coal-derived mineral matter on a dry basis.
6. The process for obtaining particles of coal-derived solid hydrocarbon according to claim 4 , wherein the liquid hydrocarbon is selected from diesel, kerosene, fuel oil, and crude oil.
7. The process for obtaining particles of coal-derived solid hydrocarbon according to claim 1 , wherein the dispersant is an organic acid.
8. The process for obtaining particles of coal-derived solid hydrocarbon according to claim 1 , wherein the dispersant is an organic acid selected from linear, cyclic, saturated, or unsaturated carboxylic acid and polycarboxylic acids.
9. The process for obtaining particles of coal-derived solid hydrocarbon according to claim 1 , wherein the dispersant is citric acid.
10. A process for obtaining particles of coal-derived solid hydrocarbon separated from particles of coal-derived mineral matter comprising:
obtaining an aqueous slurry of coal-derived solids comprising:
discrete particles of composite coal composed of a solid carbonaceous matter matrix and inherent mineral matter inherent in the carbonaceous matter matrix;
discrete particles of coal-derived mineral matter; and
a quantity of water, wherein the aqueous slurry contains greater than 35 wt. % solid particles comprising the discrete particles of composite coal and discrete particles of coal-derived mineral matter, and wherein the discrete particles of composite coal and discrete particles of coal-derived mineral matter have a particle size less than about 100 μm;
adding a dispersant to the mixture to reduce particle agglomeration and enable subsequent froth flotation;
milling the mixture to form discrete particles of coal-derived solid hydrocarbon (CDSH) and discrete particles of coal-derived mineral matter having an average particle size in the range from 1 μm to 4 μm; and
separating the particles of coal-derived solid hydrocarbon from the particles of coal-derived mineral matter via froth flotation separation to yield a CDSH-froth comprising the particles of coal-derived solid hydrocarbon separated from the particles of coal-derived mineral matter.
11. The process for obtaining particles of coal-derived solid hydrocarbon according to claim 10 , further comprising mechanically removing water from a portion of the CDSH-froth to yield a CDSH water filter cake.
12. The process for obtaining particles of coal-derived solid hydrocarbon according to claim 10 , wherein the dispersant is an organic acid.
13. The process for obtaining particles of coal-derived solid hydrocarbon according to claim 10 , wherein the dispersant is an organic acid selected from linear, cyclic, saturated, or unsaturated carboxylic acid and polycarboxylic acids.
14. The process for obtaining particles of coal-derived solid hydrocarbon according to claim 10 , wherein the dispersant is citric acid.
15. The process for obtaining discrete particles of coal-derived solid hydrocarbon according to claim 10 , wherein the mixture is milled using ceramic media having a size less than 5 mm.
16. The process for obtaining particles of coal-derived solid hydrocarbon according to claim 10 , wherein the process further comprises the step of removing additional coal-derived mineral matter from the CDSH-froth using a second froth flotation.
17. The process for obtaining particles of coal-derived solid hydrocarbon according to claim 10 , wherein the process further comprises the step of removing additional coal-derived mineral matter from the CDSH-froth by combining the CDSH-froth with a liquid hydrocarbon to form a suspension and removing water, coal-derived mineral matter, and liquid hydrocarbon from the suspension to form a hydrocarbon filter cake comprising particles of coal-derived solid hydrocarbon and liquid hydrocarbon.