Composite panel
A composite panel for use in applications such as mobile homes, boats, buses, RVs, or other panels used typically in transportation applications, where a single piece, water resistant, lightweight panel with patterned high-strength areas is needed. The composite panel generally includes internal preforms made of low-density material such as urethane foam, which create patterned structural portions of the panel during the molding process. The patterned structural portions are formed by a maze-like region within a mold, into which composite matrix material is infused. The patterned structural portions have high strength compared to the other regions of the panel, and can be used for structural support or for retaining fasteners for appliances, walls, etc.
1. A composite panel, comprising:
a first panel surface;
a second panel surface;
an internal preform positioned between the first panel surface and the second panel surface, wherein the internal preform comprises a first side and a second side, wherein the first side of the internal preform faces the first panel surface, wherein the second side of the internal preform faces the second panel surface; and
a structural portion at least partially surrounding the internal preform so as to form a patterned structural area;
wherein the structural portion comprises a first layer portion adjacent the first side of the internal preform;
wherein the structural portion is comprised of a cured composite material, wherein a density of the cured composite material is greater than a density of the internal preform.
2. The composite panel of claim 1 , wherein the structural portion comprises a second layer portion adjacent the second side of the internal preform.
3. The composite panel of claim 1 , wherein the internal preform is spaced apart from the first panel surface and the second panel surface.
4. The composite panel of claim 1 , wherein the structural portion is adapted to receive a plurality of fasteners.
5. The composite panel of claim 1 , wherein the cured composite material is comprised of a cured composite matrix material.
6. The composite panel of claim 5 , wherein the cured composite matrix material comprises microspheres.
7. The composite panel of claim 1 , wherein the structural portion substantially surrounds the internal preform on at least three sides or directions.
8. The composite panel of claim 1 , wherein the structural portion surrounds the internal preform on all sides.
9. The composite panel of claim 1 , comprising a plurality of spacers positioned between the internal preform and the first panel surface and between the internal preform and the second panel surface.
10. The composite panel of claim 1 , comprising a reinforcing element between the first panel surface and the second panel surface, wherein the reinforcing element is substantially surrounded by the structural portion in at least one plane.
11. The composite panel of claim 1 , wherein the internal preform comprises a plurality of channels adapted to allow uncured composite material to flow from the first side of the internal preform to the second side of the internal preform.
12. The composite panel of claim 1 , comprising a gel coat layer over the first panel surface or the second panel surface.
13. A method of making the composite panel of claim 1 in a mold, comprising:
positioning a mold body on a mold bottom;
positioning a first reinforcing layer on the mold bottom;
positioning a first spacer on the reinforcing layer to support the internal preform and to space the internal preform apart from the mold bottom;
placing the internal preform on the first spacer in a position to create the structural portion comprising void areas in the mold;
installing the mold top on the mold body;
filling the mold with a composite material such that the composite material flows around the internal preform and the first spacer and substantially fills the void areas in the mold; and
allowing the composite material to cure into the cured composite material so as to form the pattered structural area around the internal preform.
14. The method of claim 13 , further comprising positioning a second reinforcing layer between the internal preform and a mold top and positioning a second spacer between the internal preform and the second reinforcing layer.
15. The method of claim 13 , wherein the first spacer comprises a plurality of spacers.
16. The method of claim 13 , wherein the first spacer is comprised of the cured composite material.
17. The method of claim 13 , further comprising:
positioning a reinforcing element having a first thickness within the void areas in the mold.
18. The method of claim 13 , wherein filling the mold comprises pumping composite material into the mold under pressure.
19. The method of claim 18 , wherein filling the mold further comprises creating a vacuum within the mold.
20. The method of claim 13 , wherein the composite material comprises microspheres.