Control of power converters having integrated capacitor blocked transistor cells
View Patent ↗Various examples of power converters including Integrated Capacitor Blocked Transistor (ICBT) cells and methods of control of power converters having ICBT cells are described. In one example, a power converter includes an upper arm including a plurality of upper ICBT cells connected in series to form a series connection path and a lower arm including a plurality of lower ICBT cells connected in series in the series connection path. A controller can be configured to provide a control signal pair to each of the upper ICBT cells and a complementary control signal pair to each of the lower ICBT cells to control the converter output. A capacitor voltage controller can be configured to balance a voltage potential among ICBT capacitors in at least one of the upper arm and the lower arm.
1. A power converter having integrated capacitor blocked transistor (ICBT) cells, comprising:
an upper arm comprising a first plurality of ICBT cells connected in series;
a lower arm comprising a second plurality of ICBT cells connected in series and
a controller configured to:
provide an upper control signal pair to individual ones of the first plurality of ICBT cells of the upper arm and a lower control signal pair to individual ones of the second plurality of ICBT cells of the lower arm to control an output of the power converter;
determine whether an over-voltage exists as compared to a rated ICBT capacitor voltage for an ICBT cell in at least one of the upper arm or the lower arm, wherein the determination comprises:
measuring voltages of the ICBT capacitors;
determining which ICBT capacitor among the ICBT capacitors in the at least one of the upper arm or the lower arm has a greater capacitor voltage than a rated value; and
sensing a current in the at least one of the upper arm or the lower arm; and
apply a delay to both control signals of the upper control signal pair or the lower control signal pair provided to the ICBT cell having the over-voltage, to balance a voltage potential among ICBT capacitors in at least one of the upper arm and the lower arm, wherein:
in response to the current being positive, the delay is applied to the control signal pair for the ICBT cell having the greater capacitor voltage than a rated value in the arm at a turn-off event, or
in response to the current being negative, the delay is applied to the control signal pair for the ICBT cell having the greater capacitor voltage than a rated value in the arm at a turn-on event.
2. The power converter of claim 1 , wherein each ICBT cell in the power converter comprises:
a main transistor;
an auxiliary transistor; and
an ICBT capacitor, wherein the auxiliary transistor is series-connected with the ICBT capacitor, and the series-connected auxiliary transistor and the ICBT capacitor are connected in parallel with the main transistor.
3. The power converter of claim 2 , wherein the control signal pair comprises a first gate signal for the main transistor and a second gate signal for the auxiliary transistor.
4. The power converter of claim 3 , wherein the first gate signal is complementary to the second gate signal, with a dead time between at least one of:
turning off the main transistor and turning on the auxiliary transistor, and turning on the main transistor and turning off the auxiliary transistor.
5. The power converter of claim 1 , wherein at least one control signal pair provided to the upper arm is complementary to at least one control signal pair provided to the lower arm.
6. The power converter of claim 1 , wherein the controller is further configured to measure an arm current and the voltage potential of individual ICBT capacitors in at least one of the upper arm and the lower arm.
7. A power converter having integrated capacitor blocked transistor (ICBT) cells, comprising:
a phase leg comprising an arm, the arm of the phase leg comprising a plurality of ICBT cells connected in series; and
a controller configured to:
generate a control signal pair for individual ones of the plurality of ICBT cells in the arm, the control signal pair generated for the individual ones of the plurality of ICBT cells being the same signal pair of control signals;
determine whether an over-voltage exists in at least one ICBT cell as compared to a rated ICBT capacitor voltage for an ICBT cell in the arm, wherein the determination comprises:
measuring voltages of the ICBT capacitors;
determining which ICBT capacitor among the ICBT capacitors in the arm has a greater capacitor voltage than a rated value; and
sensing a current in the arm of the phase leg; and
apply a delay to both control signals of the control signal pair generated for the ICBT cell having the over-voltage to balance a voltage potential among ICBT capacitors of the ICBT cells in the arm, wherein:
in response to the current being positive, the delay is applied to the control signal pair for the ICBT cell having the greater capacitor voltage than a rated value in the arm at a turn-off event, or
in response to the current being negative, the delay is applied to the control signal pair for the ICBT cell having the greater capacitor voltage than a rated value in the arm at a turn-on event.
8. The power converter of claim 7 , wherein the controller is further configured to measure a current in the arm and the voltage potential of individual ICBT capacitors in the arm.
9. The power converter of claim 8 , wherein the controller is further configured to calculate a delay offset based on the current in the arm and the voltage potential of the individual ICBT capacitors in the arm.
10. The power converter of claim 9 , wherein the controller is further configured to apply the delay offset to the control signal pair for the at least one of the plurality of ICBT cells having the over-voltage.
11. The power converter of claim 7 , wherein each ICBT cell in the power converter comprises:
a main transistor;
an auxiliary transistor; and
an ICBT capacitor, wherein the auxiliary transistor is series-connected with the ICBT capacitor, and the series-connected auxiliary transistor and the ICBT capacitor are connected in parallel with the main transistor.
12. The power converter of claim 11 , wherein the control signal pair comprises a first gate signal for the main transistor and a second gate signal for the auxiliary transistor.
13. The power converter of claim 12 , wherein the first gate signal is complementary to the second gate signal, with a dead time between at least one of: turning off the main transistor and turning on the auxiliary transistor, and turning on the main transistor and turning off the auxiliary transistor.
14. A method of control for a power converter having integrated capacitor blocked transistor (ICBT) cells, the method comprising:
generating a first control signal pair for a first ICBT cell in the power converter and a second control signal pair for a second ICBT cell in the power converter, the first ICBT cell and the second ICBT cell being connected in an arm of a phase leg of the power converter, the first control signal pair and the second signal pair being the same signal pair of control signals;
measuring voltages of the ICBT capacitors;
determining which ICBT capacitor among the ICBT capacitors in the arm of the phase leg has a greater capacitor voltage than a rated value;
sensing a current in the arm of the phase leg; and
applying a delay to both control signals for the first control signal pair or the second control signal pair to balance voltages of ICBT capacitors of the ICBT cells in the arm of the phase leg, wherein:
in response to the current being positive, applying the delay to the control signal pair for the first ICBT cell or the second ICBT cell having the greater capacitor voltage than a rated value in the arm at a turn-off event, or
in response to the current being negative, applying the delay to the control signal pair for the first ICBT cell or the second ICBT cell having the greater capacitor voltage than a rated value in the arm at a turn-on event.
15. The method of claim 14 , wherein each ICBT cell in the power converter comprises:
a main transistor;
an auxiliary transistor; and
an ICBT capacitor, wherein the auxiliary transistor is series-connected with the ICBT capacitor, and the series-connected auxiliary transistor and the ICBT capacitor are connected in parallel with the main transistor.