System and method for improved extreme load control for wind turbine rotor blades
A method for reducing extreme loads acting on at least one rotor blade of a wind turbine includes calculating, via a processor, a flapwise bending moment of the rotor blade(s). Further, the method includes calculating, via the processor, an edgewise bending moment of the rotor blade(s). The method also includes calculating, via the processor, an average load envelope of a blade root bending moment of the rotor blade(s) as a function of the flapwise bending moment and the edgewise bending moment of the rotor blade(s). Moreover, the method includes calculating, via the processor, an overall load envelope of the blade root bending moment of the rotor blade(s) as a function of the average load envelope and a future load estimation of the blade root bending moment of the rotor blade(s). As such, the method also includes implementing, via the processor, a control action when the overall load envelope is above a certain threshold.
1. A method for reducing loads acting on at least one rotor blade of a wind turbine, the method comprising:
calculating, via a processor, a flapwise bending moment of the at least one rotor blade;
calculating, via the processor, an edgewise bending moment of the at least one rotor blade;
calculating, via the processor, an average load envelope of a blade root bending moment of the at least one rotor blade as a function of the flapwise bending moment and the edgewise bending moment of the at least one rotor blade;
calculating, via the processor, an overall load envelope of the blade root bending moment of the at least one rotor blade as a function of the average load envelope and a future load estimation of the blade root bending moment of the at least one rotor blade; and
pitching, via the processor, one or more rotor blades of the wind turbine when the overall load envelope is above a certain threshold.
2. The method of claim 1 , wherein calculating the flapwise bending moment further comprises calculating the flapwise bending moment as a function of an equivalent thrust acting on a rotor of the wind turbine and an overall length of the at least one rotor blade.
3. The method of claim 2 , further comprising calculating the equivalent thrust acting on the rotor as a function of a thrust force, a rotor radius, and one or more processor variables, the one or more processor variables comprising at least one of a hub loading sensor measurement, or an aerodynamic location of where the thrust force is applied on the at least one rotor blade.
4. The method of claim 1 , wherein calculating the edgewise bending moment further comprises calculating the edgewise bending moment as a function of two or more of the following parameters: a mass of the at least one rotor blade, acceleration due to gravity, a location of a center of gravity of the at least one rotor blade, a rotor shaft mechanical torque, a rotor radius, a partial derivative of a rotor rotation with respect to time, and a rotor inertia.
5. The method of claim 1 , wherein calculating the average load envelope of the blade root bending moment as a function of the flapwise bending moment and the edgewise bending moment further comprises summing squares of the flapwise bending moment and the edgewise bending moment and calculating a square root of the sum of the squares.
6. The method of claim 1 , further comprising filtering the average load envelope of the blade root bending moment via at least one filter.
7. The method of claim 6 , wherein filtering the average load envelope of the blade root bending moment via the at least one filter further comprises filtering the average load envelope of the blade root bending moment via two notch filters.
8. The method of claim 7 , wherein the two notch filters are characterized by a transfer function comprising a gain attenuation, a damping factor, and a target frequency of the notch filters.
9. The method of claim 1 , further comprising predicting the future load estimation of the blade root bending moment by calculating a future load envelope of the blade root bending moment as a function of one or more partial derivatives of thrust with respect to wind speed and rotor speed, an effective length of the at least one rotor blade, and a travel time, the travel time equal to the shortest time required for an extreme blade root bending moment event on any rotor blade of the wind turbine to travel downstream of a rotor plane to ensure the following rotor blade is not impacted, the effective blade length corresponding to a location where an application of aerodynamic thrust produces a given blade root bending moment.
10. The method of claim 9 , further comprising calculating the travel time as a function of a distance being traveled by wind downstream of a rotor of the wind turbine after any of the at least one rotor blades has experienced the extreme blade root bending moment event and an estimated wind speed.
11. The method of claim 1 , wherein calculating the overall load envelope of the blade root bending moment as a function of the average load envelope and the future load estimation further comprises summing the average load envelope and the future load estimation.
12. The method of claim 9 , further comprising:
calculating an aerodynamic thrust that produces the given blade root bending moment at the effective blade length; and,
determining a distance between the aerodynamic thrust and a corresponding threshold.
13. The method of claim 12 , further comprising determining an amount of the pitching based upon a distance between the aerodynamic thrust and the corresponding threshold and a hysteresis band.
14. The method of claim 1 , wherein the pitching the one or more rotor blades further comprises at least one of collective pitching of a plurality of rotor blades of the wind turbine, independently pitching each of the plurality of rotor blades, cyclically pitching each of the plurality of rotor blades, fine pitching each of the plurality of rotor blades, or combinations thereof.
15. A system for reducing loads acting on at least one rotor blade of a wind turbine, the system comprising:
a controller comprising at least one processor configured to perform a plurality of operations, the plurality of operations comprising:
calculating a flapwise bending moment of the at least one rotor blade;
calculating an edgewise bending moment of the at least one rotor blade;
calculating an average load envelope of a blade root bending moment of the at least one rotor blade as a function of the flapwise bending moment and the edgewise bending moment of the at least one rotor blade;
filtering the average load envelope of the blade root bending moment via at least one filter;
calculating an overall load envelope of the blade root bending moment of the at least one rotor blade as a function of the average load envelope and a future load estimation of the blade root bending moment of the at least one rotor blade; and
pitching one or more rotor blades of the wind turbine when the overall load envelope is above a certain threshold.
16. The system of claim 15 , wherein calculating the flapwise bending moment further comprises calculating the flapwise bending moment as a function of an equivalent thrust acting on a rotor of the wind turbine and an overall length of the at least one rotor blade.
17. The system of claim 15 , wherein calculating the edgewise bending moment further comprises calculating the edgewise bending moment as a function of two or more of the following parameters: a mass of the at least one rotor blade, acceleration due to gravity, a location of a center of gravity of the at least one rotor blade, a rotor shaft mechanical torque, a rotor radius, a partial derivative of a rotor rotation with respect to time, and a rotor inertia.
18. The system of claim 15 , wherein filtering the average load envelope of the blade root bending moment via the at least one filter further comprises filtering the average load envelope of the blade root bending moment via two notch filters.
19. The system of claim 15 , wherein pitching the one or more rotor blades further comprises at least one of collective pitching of a plurality of rotor blades of the wind turbine, independently pitching each of the plurality of rotor blades, cyclically pitching each of the plurality of rotor blades, fine pitching each of the plurality of rotor blades, or combinations thereof.