Devices and methods for reducing inflammation using electrical stimulation
Systems and methods for reducing pulmonary inflammation and/or increasing bronchial compliance in a patient utilize transcutaneous stimulation of neural structures in a region of an ear of a patient delivered by an auricular stimulation device having an in-ear component with a first electrode disposed in a patient's ear and an earpiece component with a second electrode placed around the auricle. A pulse generator may control delivery of therapy by delivering both a first series of stimulation pulses to the first electrode for stimulating a first neural structure(s) and a second series of stimulation pulses to the second electrode for stimulating second neural structure(s). The first and second electrodes are in non-piercing contact with tissue on and/or surrounding the ear. The systems and methods may be used to treat viral or bacteria infections, such as SARS, MERS, or COVID-19.
1. A system for reducing pulmonary inflammation and/or increasing bronchial compliance using transcutaneous stimulation of neural structures in a region of an ear of a patient, the system comprising:
an auricular stimulation device comprising
an in-ear component comprising a first set of electrodes, wherein
the in-ear component is shaped for retention in one or more structures of the ear including the cavum of the ear, and
each electrode of the first set of electrodes is disposed on a surface of the in-ear component for non-piercing contact with tissue proximate to vagal related neural structures,
an earpiece component comprising a second set of electrodes, wherein
the earpiece component is shaped for placement around a back of an auricle of the patient,
the earpiece component is in electrical communication with the in-ear component, and
each electrode of the second set of electrodes is disposed on a surface of the earpiece component for non-piercing contact with tissue surrounding the ear of the patient, such that the second set of electrodes are not in contact with the auricle, and proximate to a neural structure related to the auriculotemporal nerve, the lesser occipital nerve, or the great auricular nerve, and
a connector; and
a pulse generator in electrical communication with the earpiece component via the connector, wherein the pulse generator is configured to generate and control delivery of transcutaneous stimulation therapy via the auricular stimulation device for reducing pulmonary inflammation and/or increasing bronchial compliance, the therapy comprising
delivering a first series of stimulation pulses to at least one electrode of the second set of electrodes of the earpiece component for stimulating at least one of the auriculotemporal nerve, the lesser occipital nerve, or the great auricular nerve, and
delivering a second series of stimulation pulses to at least one electrode of the first set of electrodes of the in-ear component for stimulating the vagal related neural structures.
2. The system of claim 1 , wherein:
the first series of stimulation pulses is delivered at a high frequency; and
the second series of stimulation pulses is delivered at a low frequency.
3. The system of claim 1 , wherein:
the first series of stimulation pulses is delivered at a low to midrange frequency; and
the second series of stimulation pulses is delivered at a low to midrange frequency.
4. The system of claim 1 , wherein:
the first series of stimulation pulses is delivered at a low to midrange frequency; and
the second series of stimulation pulses is delivered at a midrange to high frequency.
5. The system of claim 1 , wherein:
the first series of stimulation pulses is delivered at a midrange to high frequency; and
the second series of stimulation pulses is delivered at a low to mid-range frequency.
6. The system of claim 1 , wherein:
the first series of stimulation pulses is delivered at a midrange to high frequency; and
the second series of stimulation pulses is delivered at a midrange to high frequency.
7. The system of claim 1 , wherein the pulse generator is configured to adjust delivery of the transcutaneous stimulation therapy responsive to i) feedback and/or ii) one or more control signals, wherein
the pulse generator is configured to receive the one or more control signals by a) a separate computing device in communication with the pulse generator, or b) via a user interface of the pulse generator.
8. The system of claim 7 , wherein delivery of the transcutaneous stimulation therapy is adjusted according to the feedback, wherein:
the pulse generator is configured to receive the feedback from one or more sensors in communication with the pulse generator or from the separate computing device; and
the feedback is in the form of monitoring at least one of EKG, EEG, or blood pressure to detect changes in one or more symptoms related to the pulmonary inflammation.
9. The system of claim 1 , wherein the pulmonary inflammation is caused by a viral or bacterial infection.
10. The system of claim 9 , wherein the viral infection is COVID-19.
11. The system of claim 9 , wherein the viral infection is severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS).
12. The system of claim 9 , wherein the viral infection is Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS).
13. The system of claim 1 , wherein the pulmonary inflammation is chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD).
14. The system of claim 1 , wherein the in-ear component is configured to be frictionally retained in the one or more structures of the ear.
15. The system of claim 1 , wherein the earpiece component is configured to be adhesively retained around the auricle.
16. A system for reducing pulmonary inflammation and/or increasing bronchial compliance using transcutaneous stimulation of neural structures in a region of an ear of a patient, the system comprising:
an auricular stimulation device comprising
an in-ear component comprising a first set of electrodes, wherein
each electrode of the first set of electrodes is disposed on a surface of the in-ear component for non-piercing contact with tissue proximate to a first set of one or more neural structures in at least one of a concha, cavum, or tragus region of the ear, and
an earpiece component comprising a second set of electrodes, wherein
the earpiece component is shaped for placement around a back of an auricle of the patient,
the earpiece component is in electrical communication with the in-ear component, and
each electrode of the second set of electrodes is disposed on a surface of the earpiece component for non-piercing contact with tissue surrounding the ear of the patient, such that the second set of electrodes are not in contact with the auricle, and proximate to a second set of one or more neural structures, and
a connector; and
a pulse generator in electrical communication with the earpiece component via the connector, wherein the pulse generator is configured to control delivery of transcutaneous stimulation therapy via the auricular stimulation device for reducing pulmonary inflammation and/or increasing bronchial compliance, the therapy comprising
delivering a first series of stimulation pulses to at least one electrode of the first set of electrodes of the in-ear component for stimulating the first set of one or more neural structures, and
delivering a second series of stimulation pulses to at least one electrode of the second set of electrodes of the earpiece component for stimulating the second set of one or more neural structures.
17. The system of claim 16 , wherein one of the first series or the second series of stimulation pulses is configured to reduce pulmonary inflammation and the other of the first series or the second series of stimulation pulses is configured to increase bronchial compliance.
18. The system of claim 16 , wherein:
the first set of one or more neural structures includes at least a branch of the vagal nerve; and
the second set of one or more neural structures includes at least a branch of one of the auriculotemporal nerve, the lesser occipital nerve, and the great auricular nerve.
19. The system of claim 16 , wherein the pulse generator is configured to synchronize delivery of the first series of stimulation pulses with delivery of the second series of stimulation pulses.
20. The system of claim 16 , wherein reducing pulmonary inflammation comprises decreasing pro-inflammatory processes in the lungs.