Methods for wordline separation in 3D-NAND devices
Methods of wordline separation in semiconductor devices (e.g., 3D-NAND) are described. A metal film is deposited in the wordlines and on the surface of a stack of spaced oxide layers. The metal film is removed by high temperature oxidation and etching of the oxide or low temperature atomic layer etching by oxidizing the surface and etching the oxide in a monolayer fashion. After removal of the metal overburden, the wordlines are filled with the metal film.
1. A method of processing a substrate, the method comprising:
filling the gaps between spaced oxide layers of a stack with a metal to cover a top and sides of the stack with a thickness of metal overburden;
oxidizing the metal at an oxidizing temperature to form a metal oxide on the top and sides of the stack and leaving metal wordlines between the spaced oxide layers; and
etching the metal oxide at an etching temperature from the top and sides of the stack leaving the metal wordlines between the spaced oxide layers, the etching temperature is greater than or equal to 50° C. lower than the oxidizing temperature.
2. The method of claim 1 , wherein after etching, the wordlines are substantially even with the sides of the stack.
3. The method of claim 1 , wherein the etching temperature is lower than the oxidizing temperature by greater than or equal to about 100° C.
4. The method of claim 3 , wherein the etching temperature is lower than the oxidizing temperature by greater than or equal to about 150° C.
5. The method of claim 1 , wherein the metal overburden has a thickness greater than or equal to about 5 Å.
6. The method of claim 5 , wherein the metal overburden has a thickness greater than or equal to about 50 Å.
7. The method of claim 1 , wherein oxidizing the metal comprises an oxidizing gas comprising one or more of O 2 , O 3 , H 2 O, H 2 O 2 , NO or NO 2 .
8. The method of claim 1 , wherein the metal oxide comprises a derivative of the metal selected from one or more of a nitride, boride, carbide, oxynitride, oxyboride, oxycarbide, carbonitride, borocarbide, boronitride, borocarbonitride, borooxycarbonitride, oxycarbonitride, borooxycarbide or borooxynitride.
9. The method of claim 1 , wherein the oxidation temperature is in the range of about 400° C. to about 950° C.
10. The method of claim 9 , wherein the etching temperature is in the range of about 300° C. to about 600° C.
11. The method of claim 1 , wherein the metal comprises tungsten and the metal oxide comprises tungsten oxide.
12. The method of claim 1 , wherein the metal consists essentially of tungsten.
13. The method of claim 1 , wherein prior to filling the gaps in the spaced oxide layers, the method further comprises forming a barrier layer on the spaced oxide layers and the metal is deposited on the barrier layer.
14. The method of claim 9 , wherein the barrier layer comprises TiN with a thickness in the range of about 20 Å to about 50 Å.
15. The method of claim 1 , wherein there are greater than 50 metal wordlines.
16. The method of claim 1 , wherein etching the metal oxide comprises exposing the metal oxide to a metal halide etchant.
17. A method of processing a substrate, the method comprising:
filling the gaps between spaced oxide layers of a stack with a metal to cover a top and sides of the stack with a thickness of metal overburden;
oxidizing the metal at an oxidizing temperature to form a metal oxide on the top and sides of the stack and leaving metal wordlines between the spaced oxide layers that are substantially even with the sides of the stack, the oxidizing temperature in the range of about 400° C. to about 950° C.; and
etching the metal oxide at an etching temperature from the top and sides of the stack leaving the metal wordlines between the spaced oxide layers, the etching temperature in the range of about 300° C. to about 600° C. and is at least 50° C. lower than the oxidizing temperature.
18. The method of claim 17 , wherein prior to filling the gaps in the spaced oxide layers, the method further comprises forming a barrier layer on the spaced oxide layers and the metal is deposited on the barrier layer.
19. The method of claim 18 , wherein the barrier layer comprises TiN with a thickness in the range of about 20 Å to about 50 Å.
20. A method of processing a substrate, the method comprising:
forming a barrier layer on spaced oxide layers of a stack and gaps between the spaced oxide layers, the barrier layer comprising titanium nitride;
depositing a metal on the barrier layer to fill the gaps and cover a top and sides of the stack with a thickness of metal overburden;
oxidizing the metal at an oxidizing temperature to form a metal oxide on the top and sides of the stack and leaving metal wordlines between the spaced oxide layers that are substantially even with the sides of the stack; and
etching the metal oxide at an etching temperature from the top and sides of the stack leaving the metal wordlines between the spaced oxide layers, the etching temperature at least 50° C. lower than the oxidizing temperature.