Process for producing acetoxy-bearing siloxanes
Described is a process for producing preferably trifluoromethanesulfonic acid-acidified, end-equilibrated, acetoxy-bearing siloxanes which comprises reacting cyclic siloxanes, in particular comprising D 4 and/or D 5 , and/or cyclic branched siloxanes of the D/T type with acetic anhydride using preferably trifluoromethanesulfonic acid as catalyst and with addition of acetic acid, wherein the cyclic branched siloxanes of the D/T type are mixtures of cyclic branched siloxanes of the D/T type which contain not only siloxanes comprising D and T units but also siloxanes comprising Q units.
1. A process for producing acidic, end-equilibrated, acetoxybearing siloxanes, wherein it comprises
reacting cyclic siloxanes,
and/or mixtures of cyclic branched siloxanes of the D/T type,
optionally in admixture with hydroxyl-bearing siloxanes and/or acetoxy- and/or alkoxy-bearing silanes and/or siloxanes,
with acetic anhydride using acid, as catalyst and with addition of acetic acid wherein the acids employed in addition to acetic acid are superacids having a pK a of less than −3.0,
wherein the cyclic branched siloxanes of the D/T type are mixtures of cyclic branched siloxanes of the D/T type which contain siloxanes comprising D and T units and Q units
wherein in the mixtures the proportion of Si atoms derived from Q units is ≤10% by mass to ≥0% by mass, based on the entirety of all Si atoms.
2. The process according to claim 1 , wherein the acids employed in addition to acetic acid is trifluoromethanesulfonic acid.
3. The process according to claim 1 , wherein diacetoxydimethylsilane and/or triacetoxymethylsilane are employed as acetoxy-bearing silanes.
4. The process according to claim 1 , wherein triethoxysilane and/or trimethoxysilane and/or diethoxysilane and/or triethoxysilane are employed as alkoxy-bearing silanes.
5. The process according to claim 1 , wherein the process comprises adding acetic acid in amounts of 0.4 to 3.5 per cent by weight, based on the reaction matrix
comprising acetic anhydride and cyclic siloxanes comprising D 4 and/or D 5 , or comprising acetic anhydride and mixtures of cyclic branched siloxanes of the D/T type, or
comprising cyclic siloxanes comprising D 4 and/or D 5 and mixtures of cyclic branched siloxanes of the D/T type.
6. The process according to claim 1 , wherein mixtures of cyclic branched siloxanes of the D/T type which consist of siloxanes comprising D and T units and whose 29 Si NMR spectroscopydeterminable cumulative proportion of D and T units comprising Si-alkoxy and/or SiOH groups present in the siloxane matrix is ≤2 mole per cent, and which contain at least 5 per cent by weight of octamethylcyclotetrasiloxane (D 4 ), decamethylcyclopentasiloxane (D 5 ) and/or mixtures thereof, are employed.
7. The process according to claim 1 , wherein mixtures of cyclic branched siloxanes comprising D and T units whose 29 Si NMR spectroscopy-determinable cumulative proportion of D and T units comprising Si-alkoxy and/or SiOH groups present in the siloxane matrix is greater than 2 and less than 10 mole per cent are employed.
8. The process according to claim 1 , wherein, in addition to the acetic acid, the acid, as catalyst, is employed in amounts of 0.1 to 1.0 per cent by mass, based on the reaction matrix comprising acetic anhydride and cyclic siloxanes,
and/or mixtures of cyclic branched siloxanes of the D/T type.
9. The process according to claim 1 , wherein the reaction is carried out in a temperature range of 140° C. to 160° C. and over a duration of 4 to 8 hours.
10. An acidic, end-equilibrated linear α,ω-acetoxy-bearing siloxanes produced by a process according to claim 1 , wherein they have total cycles contents defined as the sum of the content fractions of the cyclic siloxanes comprising D 4 , D 5 and D 6 based on the siloxane matrix and determined by gas chromatography after their derivatization to afford the corresponding linear α,ω-isopropoxysiloxanes of less than 13 per cent by weight.
11. The acidic, end-equilibrated branched acetoxy-bearing siloxanes produced by a process according to claim 1 , wherein they have total cycles contents defined as the sum of the content fractions of the cyclic siloxanes comprising D 4 , D 5 and D 6 based on the siloxane matrix and determined by gas chromatography after their derivatization to afford the corresponding branched isopropoxysiloxanes of less than 8 per cent by weight.
12. A starting material for the production of SiOC-bonded polyether siloxanes comprising the end-equilibrated acidic, acid-acidified acetoxy-bearing siloxanes according to claim 1 wherein the starting material for use thereof in PU foam stabilizers, in defoamers, in demulsifiers, in emulsifiers and in paint and flow control additives; and also for use thereof as deaerators; as foam stabilizer; as wetting agents; as hydrophobizing agents; as flow control agents; for producing polymer dispersions; for production of adhesives or sealants; for surface treatment of fibers, particles or textile fabrics, for treatment or impregnation of textiles, for production of paper towels, in the coating of fillers; for production of cleaning and care formulations for household use or for industrial applications, for production of fabric softeners; for production of cosmetic, pharmaceutical and dermatological compositions, cosmetic cleaning and care formulations, hair treatment agents and hair aftertreatment agents; for cleaning and care of hard surfaces; as processing aids in the extrusion of thermoplastics; for producing thermoplastic molded articles and/or as an adjuvant in plant protection; for production of building material compositions.
13. The process according to claim 1 , wherein the process produces trifluoromethanesulfonic acid-acidified, end-equilibrated, acetoxy-bearing siloxanes.
14. The process according to claim 1 , wherein in the mixtures the proportion of Si atoms derived from Q units is ≤5% by mass to ≥0% by mass, based on the entirety of all Si atoms.
15. The process according to claim 1 , wherein the acids employed in addition to acetic acid are superacids having a pK a of less than −3.0 and the acids are selected from the group consisting of fluorinated and/or perfluorinated sulfonic acids, fluorosulfonic acid HSO 3 F, fluoroantimonic acid HSbF 6 , and perfluorobutanesulfonic acid C 4 F 9 SO 3 H.
16. The process according to claim 1 , wherein the acid employed in addition to acetic acid are superacids having a pKa of less than −3.0 and is fluorinated and/or perfluorinated sulfonic acid.
17. The process according to claim 1 , wherein the process comprises adding acetic acid in amounts of 0.8 to 1.8 per cent by weight, based on the reaction matrix
comprising acetic anhydride and cyclic siloxanes comprising D 4 and/or D 5 , or comprising acetic anhydride and mixtures of cyclic branched siloxanes of the D/T type, or
comprising cyclic siloxanes comprising D 4 and/or D 5 and mixtures of cyclic branched siloxanes of the D/T type.
18. The process according to claim 1 , wherein in addition to the acetic acid, the acid, as catalyst, is employed in amounts of 0.1 to 0.3 per cent by mass, based on the reaction matrix comprising acetic anhydride and cyclic siloxanes, and/or mixtures of cyclic branched siloxanes of the D/T type.
19. The process according to claim 1 , wherein the acid, as catalyst, is trifluoromethanesulfonic acid in amounts of 0.1 to 0.3 per cent by mass, based on the reaction matrix comprising acetic anhydride and cyclic siloxanes comprising D 4 and/or D 5 , and/or mixtures of cyclic branched siloxanes of the D/T type.
20. A trifluoromethanesulfonic acid-acidified, end-equilibrated branched acetoxy-bearing siloxanes produced by a process according to claim 1 , wherein they have total cycles contents defined as the sum of the content fractions of the cyclic siloxanes comprising D 4 , D 5 and D 6 based on the siloxane matrix and determined by gas chromatography after their derivatization to afford the corresponding branched isopropoxysiloxanes of less than 7 per cent by weight.