Shock wave balloon catheter with multiple shock wave sources
An apparatus includes a balloon adapted to be placed adjacent a calcified region of a body. The balloon is inflatable with a liquid. The apparatus further includes a shock wave generator within the balloon that produces shock waves that propagate through the liquid for impinging upon the calcified region adjacent the balloon. The shock wave generator includes a plurality of shock wave sources distributed within the balloon.
1. A device for generating shock waves for treating a calcified lesion within a blood vessel or a calcified aortic valve comprising:
an elongated support;
a chamber mounted on the elongated support, said chamber being fillable with a conductive liquid; and
a conductor that extends towards a distal end of the elongated support and then back towards a proximal end of the elongated support, the conductor being surrounded by insulative material, the conductor comprising a plurality of conductor segments, there being at least two locations along the length of the conductor where the insulative material does not surround the conductor and where respective conductor segments are spaced apart in a longitudinal direction such that opposed ends of respective conductor segments are exposed to the conductive liquid within the chamber, each location defining an electrode pair having a gap between the opposed ends of the respective conductor segments and wherein the gaps of the electrode pairs are connected in series, with the electrode pairs being arranged such that when a sufficiently high voltage pulse is applied to the proximal ends of the conductor, arcs are generated in the conductive liquid adjacent each electrode pair thereby creating a low impedance current path across the gaps of the electrode pairs whereby the current will flow in a series path, with a shock wave being generated from each electrode pair.
2. The device of claim 1 wherein the at least two locations are on the same side of the elongated support.
3. The device of claim 1 wherein the conductor is a wire.
4. The device of claim 1 comprising electrode pairs at three locations along the elongated support.
5. The device of claim 1 wherein one electrode in each pair has a larger exposed surface area then the remaining electrode in the pair.
6. The device of claim 1 wherein the elongated support includes a guide wire lumen.
7. The device of claim 1 wherein the chamber is in the form of an inflatable angioplasty balloon.
8. The device of claim 1 wherein the voltage of the voltage pulse is between 100 and 3000 volts.
9. The device of claim 1 wherein the conductor segments are recessed with respect to an outer surface of the elongated support.
10. The device of claim 1 wherein the conductor segments are embedded within the elongated support.
11. The device of claim 1 comprising a plurality of conductors, each conductor comprising a plurality of conductor segments forming a plurality of electrode pairs connected in series, and wherein each conductor can be individually activated.
12. The device of claim 11 comprising a multiplexer for activating the conductors.
13. The device of claim 1 comprising a pulse generator for generating the voltage pulse.
14. The device of claim 1 wherein the plurality of conductor segments comprises a first conductor segment that extends distally from a connector assembly and a second conductor segment that is distal of the first conductor segment, wherein a proximal end of the second conductor segment is spaced distally from a distal end of the first conductor segment.
15. The device of claim 14 wherein the plurality of conductor segments comprises a third conductor segment that extends to the connector assembly.