Lithotripsy catheters having electrodes formed in metallization layers
A catheter for treating a stenosis in a body lumen includes an elongate tube; a member sealed to a distal end of the elongate tube that is fillable with a conductive fluid; a metallization layer comprising at least one trace forming at least one inner electrode, the metallization layer being connected to at least one wire; and at least one outer electrode extending radially outwardly of the metallization layer and separated from the at least one inner electrode by at least one gap such that, when a voltage pulse is applied to the inner and outer electrodes, current flows across the at least one gap to generate at least one shock wave.
1 . A catheter comprising:
an elongate tube;
a flexible circuit comprising: a first trace forming a first electrode, a first insulation layer, first and second conductive layers disposed on either side of the first insulation layer, and a second insulation layer disposed over the first conductive layer, wherein the first conductive layer comprises the first trace and the second insulation layer has at least one cutout that is aligned with the first electrode, the flexible circuit wrapped at least partially around the elongate tube; and
a second electrode separated from the first electrode by a gap such that, when a voltage pulse is applied to the first electrode and the second electrode, a current flows across the gap.
2 . The catheter of claim 1 , wherein the flexible circuit comprises a metallization layer comprising the first trace.
3 . The catheter of claim 1 , wherein the flexible circuit comprises a flexible base layer with the first trace located on the flexible base layer.
4 . The catheter of claim 1 , wherein the first insulation layer has at least one cutout that is aligned with the first electrode and the second electrode.
5 . The catheter of claim 1 , comprising a conductive band that comprises the second electrode.
6 . The catheter of claim 1 , wherein the second electrode is disposed outwardly of the first electrode, and the flexible circuit is wrapped at least partially around the elongate tube such that the current can flow between the first electrode and the second electrode.
7 . The catheter of claim 1 , wherein the flexible circuit comprises a second trace that comprises the second electrode.
8 . The catheter of claim 7 , wherein the flexible circuit comprises a first leg extending in a longitudinal direction, a second leg circumferentially offset from the first leg, and a connecting portion connecting the first leg and the second leg, wherein the first leg comprises the first electrode and the second electrode.
9 . The catheter of claim 8 , wherein the first electrode and the second electrode form a first shock wave emitter and the second leg comprises a second shock wave emitter.
10 . The catheter of claim 9 , wherein the flexible circuit comprises a third leg, the third leg offset circumferentially from the first leg and the second leg, the third leg comprising a third shock wave emitter.
11 . A system comprising:
a power source; and
a catheter comprising:
an elongate tube,
a flexible circuit comprising: a first trace forming a first electrode, a first insulation layer, first and second conductive layers disposed on either side of the first insulation layer, and a second insulation layer disposed over the first conductive layer, wherein the first conductive layer comprises the first trace and the second insulation layer has at least one cutout that is aligned with the first electrode, the flexible circuit wrapped at least partially around the elongate tube, and
a second electrode separated from the first electrode by a gap such that, when a voltage pulse is applied to the first electrode and the second electrode, a current flows across the gap.
12 . The system of claim 11 , wherein the flexible circuit comprises a metallization layer comprising the first trace.
13 . The system of claim 11 , wherein the flexible circuit comprises a flexible base layer with the first trace located on the flexible base layer.
14 . The system of claim 11 , wherein the first insulation layer has at least one cutout that aligns with the first electrode and the second electrode.
15 . The system of claim 11 , comprising a conductive band that comprises the second electrode.
16 . The system of claim 11 , wherein the second electrode is disposed outwardly of the first electrode, and the flexible circuit is wrapped at least partially around the elongate tube such that the current can flow between the first electrode and the second electrode.
17 . The system of claim 11 , wherein the flexible circuit comprises a second trace that comprises the second electrode.
18 . The system of claim 17 , wherein the flexible circuit comprises a first leg extending in a longitudinal direction, a second leg circumferentially offset from the first leg, and a connecting portion connecting the first leg and the second leg, wherein the first leg comprises the first electrode and the second electrode.
19 . The system of claim 18 , wherein the first electrode and the second electrode form a first shock wave emitter and the second leg comprises a second shock wave emitter.
20 . The system of claim 19 , wherein the flexible circuit comprises a third leg, the third leg offset from the first leg and the second leg by 120 degrees, the third leg comprising a third shock wave emitter.
21 . A catheter comprising:
an elongate tube; and
a flexible circuit including a metallization layer mounted to the elongate tube so that the flexible circuit wraps at least partially around the elongate tube, the flexible circuit comprising:
a first leg extending in a longitudinal direction and a second leg circumferentially offset from the first leg,
the first leg comprising a first electrode pair comprising a first electrode and a second electrode formed in the metallization layer and spaced apart from the first electrode by a first gap,
the second leg comprising a second electrode pair comprising a third electrode and a fourth electrode formed in the metallization layer and spaced apart from the third electrode by a second gap,
where when a voltage pulse is applied across the first and second electrode pair, a current flows across each of the first and second gaps.
22 . The catheter of claim 21 , wherein the first and second electrode pairs are aligned with respect to a longitudinal axis of the catheter.
23 . The catheter of claim 21 , wherein the first and second electrode pairs are offset from each other by a longitudinal distance of 0.2 mm to 5 mm.
24 . The catheter of claim 21 , wherein the flexible circuit includes a third electrode pair connected in series to the first electrode pair and the second electrode pair.
25 . The catheter of claim 24 , wherein the flexible circuit includes a fourth electrode pair connected in series to the first, second, and third electrode pairs.
26 . The catheter of claim 21 , wherein the flexible circuit comprises an insulation layer that includes cutouts that are aligned with at least a portion of each of the first, second, third, and fourth electrodes.
27 . The catheter of claim 21 , wherein the flexible circuit includes a connecting portion connecting the first leg and the second leg.