Shock wave balloon catheter with multiple shock wave sources
An apparatus includes a balloon adapted to be placed adjacent a calcified region of a body. The balloon is inflatable with a liquid. The apparatus further includes a shock wave generator within the balloon that produces shock waves that propagate through the liquid for impinging upon the calcified region adjacent the balloon. The shock wave generator includes a plurality of shock wave sources distributed within the balloon.
1. A device for generating shock waves for treating a calcified lesion within a blood vessel or a calcified aortic valve comprising:
an axially extending elongate member;
a chamber mounted on the elongate member, the chamber being fillable with a conductive fluid;
at least two electrode pairs mounted to the elongate member and located within the chamber, each of the at least two electrode pairs comprising spaced apart electrodes, wherein the at least two electrode pairs are configured to produce shock waves that propagate through the conductive fluid;
a first electrically conductive pathway electrically connecting a first electrode pair of the at least two electrode pairs in series with a second electrode pair of the at least two electrode pairs, the first electrically conductive pathway extending along the elongate member, a proximal end of the first electrically conductive pathway forming an electrode of the first electrode pair and a distal end of the first electrically conductive pathway forming an electrode of the second electrode pair; and
second and third electrically conductive pathways that extend along the elongate member and are electrically connected to the at least two electrode pairs such that the shock waves are produced by the at least two electrode pairs when a sufficiently high voltage pulse is applied to the second and third electrically conductive pathways.
2. The device of claim 1 , wherein the first electrically conductive pathway is at least partially embedded within the elongate member.
3. The device of claim 1 , wherein the first electrically conductive pathway is recessed with respect to an outer surface of the elongate member.
4. The device of claim 1 , wherein the first and second electrode pairs are circumferentially aligned with respect to a longitudinal axis of the elongate member.
5. The device of claim 1 comprising a fourth electrically conductive pathway electrically connecting the second electrode pair in series with a third electrode pair.
6. The device of claim 1 , wherein the first electrically conductive pathway comprises a wire.
7. The device of claim 1 , wherein the electrode of the first electrode pair formed by the proximal end of the first electrically conductive pathway is spaced apart from a second electrode of the first electrode pair in a longitudinal direction of the elongate member.
8. The device of claim 1 , wherein the second and third electrically conductive pathways are at least partially embedded within the elongate member.
9. The device of claim 1 , wherein the electrode of the second electrode pair formed by the first electrically conductive pathway is smaller in surface area than a second electrode of the second electrode pair.
10. The device of claim 1 , wherein the electrode of the first electrode pair formed by the first electrically conductive pathway is larger in surface area than a second electrode of the first electrode pair.
11. The device of claim 1 , wherein the electrode of the first electrode pair formed by the proximal end of the first electrically conductive pathway is larger in surface area than the electrode of the second electrode pair formed by the distal end of the first electrically conductive pathway.
12. The device of claim 1 , comprising a third electrode pair connected in series with the first and second electrode pairs.
13. The device of claim 1 , wherein the first and second electrode pairs are arranged on the same side of the elongate member.
14. The device of claim 1 , wherein the elongate member comprises a guidewire lumen.
15. The device of claim 1 , wherein the chamber is in the form of an inflatable angioplasty balloon.
16. The device of claim 1 comprising a plurality of sets of electrode pairs, wherein each set of electrode pairs can be independently activated.
17. The device of claim 16 comprising a multiplexer for independently activating the sets of electrode pairs.
18. The device of claim 1 comprising a pulse generator for generating the sufficiently high voltage pulse.
19. The device of claim 18 , wherein the sufficiently high voltage pulse is a voltage pulse of between 100 and 3000 volts.
20. The device of claim 18 , wherein the sufficiently high voltage pulse is two microseconds or less.
21. The device of claim 18 , wherein the second and third electrically conductive pathways are connected to the pulse generator.
22. The device of claim 1 , wherein the second and third electrically conductive pathways that extend proximally along the elongate member for connection to a connector assembly.