Thermal protection barrier
A thermal protection barrier including a base layer having a high melting temperature granular media having free standing granules disposed within the base layer and a distributor grid layer having a plurality of spaced-apart distributors composed of a high melting temperature material disposed adjacent to the base layer. The spaced-apart distributors are dimensioned and configured to provide load bearing support to the thermal protection barrier prior to a breach of the thermal protection barrier and to divide and disperse a superheated flowing mass to the free standing granules of the base layer upon occurrence of a breach. In certain embodiments, the thermal protection barrier is positioned adjacent to a nuclear system such that, upon occurrence of a loss of containment accident, the distributor grid layer is positioned and configured to divide and disperse a superheated flowing nuclear mass to the free standing granules.
1. A thermal protection barrier comprising: a flooring system including a load bearing distributor grid layer having a plurality of spaced-apart distributors composed of a high melting temperature material; and a base layer disposed below the distributor grid layer, the base layer having a high melting temperature granular media including free standing granules disposed within the base layer, wherein, upon occurrence of a superheated mass flowing over the flooring system, the flooring system is dimensioned and configured to allow the superheated mass to pass quickly into the base layer while the plurality of spaced-apart distributors of the flooring system are dimensioned and configured for dividing and dispersing the superheated mass along the free standing granules of the base layer such that the superheated mass becomes quenched and localized burn through of the base layer is prevented.
2. The thermal protection barrier of claim 1 wherein the plurality of spaced-apart distributors are formed at least in part of a nuclear poison material.
3. The thermal protection barrier of claim 1 wherein the plurality of spaced-apart distributors are each spaced a substantially equal distance apart from each other.
4. The thermal protection barrier of claim 1 wherein the distributor grid layer further includes a standoff material comprising a polymer foam disposed in the spaces between the plurality of spaced-apart distributors.
5. The thermal protection barrier of claim 1 further comprising a containment layer positioned adjacent the base layer on a side opposite the distributor grid layer, the containment layer dimensioned and configured to contain and substantially pack the free standing granular media within the base layer.
6. The thermal protection barrier of claim 5 wherein the containment layer is formed at least in part of at least one of carbon and a high melting temperature ceramic.
7. The thermal protection barrier of claim 5 further comprising a metal housing disposed around the base layer, the distributor grid layer, and the containment layer.
8. The thermal protection barrier of claim 1 wherein the free standing granules includes a granular nuclear poison.
9. The thermal protection barrier of claim 8 wherein the granular nuclear poison includes granules formed at least in part of at least one of boron or gadolinium.
10. The thermal protection barrier of claim 1 further comprising a gas system fluidly connected to the base layer for delivering at least one of a fire suppressing gas for fire prevention or a fluidizing gas for fluidizing the free standing granules.
11. A method for protecting a thermally sensitive system against a superheated flowing mass, the method comprising:
providing a thermal protection barrier according to claim 1 ; and
positioning the thermal protection barrier such that the distributor grid layer is positioned and configured to divide and disperse the superheated flowing mass to the free standing granules of the base layer upon occurrence of a breach of the flooring system of the thermal protection barrier to prevent the superheated flowing mass from contacting the thermally sensitive system.
12. The method of claim 11 further comprising delivering a fire suppressing gas to the base layer to suffocate a fire or prevent a fire from initiating during a loss of containment accident.
13. The method of claim 11 further comprising delivering a fluidizing gas to the base layer to fluidize the free standing granules during a loss of containment accident.
14. The method of claim 11 wherein the plurality of spaced-apart distributors are formed at least in part of a nuclear poison material.
15. The method of claim 14 wherein the nuclear poison material includes at least one of boron or gadolinium.
16. The method of claim 11 wherein the plurality of spaced-apart distributors are each spaced a substantially equal distance apart from each other.
17. The method of claim 11 wherein the distributor grid layer further includes a standoff material comprising a polymer foam disposed in the spaces between the plurality of spaced-apart distributors.
18. The method of claim 11 wherein the thermal protection barrier further comprises a containment layer positioned adjacent to the base layer on a side opposite the distributor grid layer, the containment layer dimensioned and configured to contain and substantially pack the free standing granules within the base layer.
19. The method of claim 11 wherein the free standing granules includes a granular nuclear poison and the positioning step includes positioning the thermal protection barrier adjacent a nuclear system for dividing and dispersing a superheated flowing nuclear mass to the free standing granules of the base layer upon occurrence of a loss of containment accident to reduce the effective neutron multiplication factor of the nuclear mass.
20. The method of claim 19 wherein the granular nuclear poison includes granules formed at least in part of at least one of boron and gadolinium.