Methods and apparatus to detect air flow separation of an engine
Methods, apparatus, systems, and articles of manufacture are disclosed to detect air flow separation of an engine. An example apparatus includes hardware, and memory including instructions that, when executed, cause the hardware to at least determine an inlet flow separation parameter based on a first pressure value from a first pressure sensor included in a nacelle of a turbofan and a second pressure value from a second pressure sensor included in the nacelle, determine a severity level parameter based on the inlet flow separation parameter, the severity level parameter based on a difference between the first pressure value and the second pressure value, and adjust a contribution of airflow from aft of a fan of the turbofan based on the severity level parameter.
1. A turbine engine comprising:
a fan;
a nacelle circumscribing at least the fan;
a first pressure sensor is coupled to an outer lip of the nacelle and a second pressure sensor is coupled to an inner lip of the nacelle; and
a controller in communication with the first pressure sensor and the second pressure sensor, wherein the controller is configured to:
determine a first pressure value from the first pressure sensor and a second pressure value from the second pressure sensor;
determine a nacelle inlet pressure difference based on a difference between the first pressure value and the second pressure value;
determine a severity level parameter based on the nacelle inlet pressure difference;
detect inlet flow separation at an inlet of the turbine engine based on the severity level parameter; and
adjust airflow aft of the fan based on the severity level parameter and the determination of the inlet flow separation.
2. The turbine engine of claim 1 , wherein the severity level parameter is a first severity level parameter, and the controller is configured to:
determine an airflow direction at the outer lip based on a difference between the first pressure value and a threshold;
determine a second severity level parameter based on the difference; and
detect the inlet flow separation at the inlet of the turbine engine based on the first severity level parameter and the second severity level parameter.
3. The apparatus turbine engine of claim 2 , wherein the controller is configured to:
determine a first probability density function based on the first severity level parameter and the second severity level parameter;
compare the first probability density function to a second probability density function stored in a database; and
detect the inlet flow separation at the inlet of the turbine engine based on the comparison.
4. The turbine engine of claim 2 , wherein the first severity level parameter and the second severity level parameter further comprise scaling factors.
5. The turbine engine of claim 1 , further comprising an accelerometer coupled to a bearing of the turbine engine, wherein the severity level parameter is a first severity level parameter, and the controller is configured to:
obtain acceleration data from the accelerometer;
determine a vibratory response of the turbine engine based on the acceleration data;
determine a second severity level parameter based on the vibratory response; and
detect the inlet flow separation at the inlet of the turbine engine based on the first severity level parameter and the second severity level parameter.
6. The turbine engine of claim 5 , wherein the first severity level parameter and the second severity level parameter further comprise scaling factors.
7. The turbine engine of claim 1 , wherein the turbine engine is coupled to an aircraft, and wherein the controller is configured to:
obtain altitude data and speed data from the aircraft;
determine an air density based on the altitude data;
determine a Mach number based on the speed data;
determine an inlet flow separation parameter based on at least one of the first pressure value, the second pressure value, the air density, or the Mach number;
detects the inlet flow separation at the inlet of the turbine engine based on the severity level parameter and the inlet flow separation parameter.
8. The turbine engine of claim 1 , further comprising an actuator in the nacelle, wherein the controller is configured to adjust the airflow aft of the fan by controlling the actuator based on the severity level parameter, the actuator to move from a first position to a second position to direct a portion of the airflow from aft of the fan to forward of the fan.
9. A turbine engine comprising:
a fan;
a nacelle circumscribing at least the fan;
a first pressure sensor is coupled to an outer lip of the nacelle and a second pressure sensor included in the nacelle; and
a controller in communication with the first pressure sensor and the second pressure sensor, wherein the controller is configured to:
determine a first pressure value from the first pressure sensor and a second pressure value from the second pressure sensor;
determine a first severity level parameter based on a difference between the first pressure value and the second pressure value;
determine an airflow direction at the outer lip based on a difference between the first pressure value and a threshold;
determine a second severity level parameter based on the airflow direction;
detect inlet flow separation at an inlet of the turbine engine based on the first severity level parameter and the second severity level parameter; and
adjust the airflow aft of the fan based on the first severity level parameter and the second severity level parameter.
10. The turbine engine of claim 9 , wherein the controller is configured to:
determine a first probability density function based on the first severity level parameter and the second severity level parameter;
compare the first probability density function to a second probability density function stored in a database; and
detect the inlet flow separation at the inlet of the turbine engine based on the comparison.
11. The turbine engine of claim 9 , further comprising an accelerometer coupled to a bearing of the turbine engine, wherein the controller is configured to:
determine a vibratory response of the turbine engine based on acceleration data from the accelerometer;
determine a third severity level parameter based on the vibratory response; and
detect the inlet flow separation at the inlet of the turbine engine based on the first severity level parameter, the second severity level parameter, and the third severity level parameter.
12. The turbine engine of claim 9 , further comprising an actuator in the nacelle, wherein the controller is configured to adjust the airflow from aft of the fan by controlling the actuator based on the first or second severity level parameters, wherein the actuator moves from a first position to a second position to adjust the airflow from aft of the fan by directing a portion of the airflow from aft of the fan to forward of the fan.
13. The turbine engine of claim 9 , wherein the first severity level parameter and the second severity level parameter further comprise scaling factors.
14. The turbine engine of claim 9 , wherein the turbine engine is coupled to an aircraft, and wherein the controller is configured to:
obtain altitude data and speed data from the aircraft;
determine an air density based on the altitude data;
determine a Mach number based on the speed data;
determine an inlet flow separation parameter based on at least one of the first pressure value, the second pressure value, the air density, or the Mach number; and
detect inlet flow separation at the inlet of the turbine engine based on based on the first severity level parameter, the second severity level parameter and the inlet flow separation parameter.
15. A turbine engine comprising:
a fan;
a nacelle circumscribing at least the fan;
an accelerometer coupled to a bearing of the turbine engine;
a first pressure sensor and a second pressure sensor included in the nacelle; and
a controller in communication with the first pressure sensor and the second pressure sensor, wherein the controller is configured to:
determine a first pressure value from the first pressure sensor and a second pressure value from the second pressure sensor;
determine a first severity level parameter based on a difference between the first pressure value and the second pressure value;
determine a vibratory response based on acceleration data from the accelerometer;
determine a second severity level parameter based on the vibratory response obtained from the acceleration data;
detect inlet flow separation at an inlet of the turbine engine based on the first severity level parameter and the second severity level parameter; and
adjust airflow aft of the fan based on the first severity level parameter and the second severity level parameter.
16. The turbine engine of claim 15 , wherein the first severity level parameter and the second severity level parameter further comprise scaling factors.
17. The turbine engine of claim 15 , wherein the turbine engine is coupled to an aircraft, and wherein the controller is configured to:
obtain altitude data and speed data from the aircraft;
determine an air density based on the altitude data;
determine a Mach number based on the speed data;
determine an inlet flow separation parameter based on at least one of the first pressure value, the second pressure value, the air density, or the Mach number; and
detect the inlet flow separation at the inlet of the turbine engine based on based on the first severity level parameter, the second severity level parameter and the inlet flow separation parameter.
18. The turbine engine of claim 15 , wherein the controller is configured to:
determine an airflow direction at an outer lip of the nacelle based on a difference between the first pressure value and a threshold;
determine a third severity level parameter based on the difference; and
detect inlet flow separation at an inlet of the turbine engine based on the first severity level parameter, the second severity level parameter, and the third severity level parameter.
19. The turbine engine of claim 18 , wherein the first severity level parameter the second severity level parameter, and the third severity level parameter further comprise scaling factors.
20. The turbine engine of claim 15 , wherein the controller is configured to:
determine a first probability density function based on the first severity level parameter and the second severity level parameter;
compare the first probability density function to a second probability density function stored in a database; and
detect the inlet flow separation at the inlet of the turbine engine based on the comparison.
21. The turbine engine of claim 15 , further comprising an actuator in the nacelle, wherein the controller is configured to adjust the airflow from aft of the fan by controlling the actuator based on the first severity level parameter or the second severity level parameter, wherein the actuator moves from a first position to a second position to adjust the airflow from aft of the fan by directing a portion of the airflow from aft of the fan to forward of the fan.