Systems and methods for detecting structural and operational states of a component of an exhaust aftertreatment system

1. A method for monitoring an exhaust aftertreatment system of a vehicle including an internal combustion engine, the method comprising:

providing electric power to an exhaust aftertreatment system component, wherein the exhaust aftertreatment system component is one of a particulate filter and an electrically heated catalyst;

obtaining an impedance value of the exhaust aftertreatment system component in response to providing the electric power;

determining a structural state of the exhaust aftertreatment system component based on the impedance value, wherein the structural state of the exhaust aftertreatment system component is one of a damaged state and an undamaged state, and wherein the exhaust aftertreatment system component is in the damaged state in response to a change of the impedance value over a period of time exceeding a threshold change value; and

in response to the exhaust aftertreatment system component being in the damaged state;

performing a corrective action, wherein the corrective action includes at least one of adjusting an air-to-fuel ratio of exhaust gas flowing through the exhaust aftertreatment system and reducing an engine speed of the internal combustion engine; and

identifying a cause associated with the exhaust aftertreatment system component being in the damaged state based on at least one of an exhaust gas temperature and a vehicle speed, wherein the cause is a vehicle collision in response to a decrease of the vehicle speed occurring during the period of time, and wherein the cause is a thermal shock in response to an increase of the exhaust gas temperature occurring during the period of time.

2. The method of claim 1 further comprising determining the exhaust aftertreatment system component is in the damaged state in response to the impedance value being less than an expected impedance value.

3. The method of claim 1 further comprising determining the exhaust aftertreatment system component is in the damaged state in response to a change of the impedance value over a period of time exceeding a threshold change value.

4. The method of claim 3 further comprising determining the exhaust aftertreatment system component is in the damaged state based on a comparison of the change of the impedance value to at least one of an exhaust flow rate of an exhaust flow of the exhaust aftertreatment system, the air-to-fuel ratio of the exhaust flow, the engine speed, and a vehicle speed.

5. The method of claim 1 , wherein obtaining the impedance value of the exhaust aftertreatment system component in response to providing the electric power further comprises:

obtaining an impedance value from an impedance detection circuit in response to providing the electric power, wherein the impedance detection circuit is electrically coupled to the exhaust aftertreatment system component; and

determining the impedance value of the exhaust aftertreatment system component based on the impedance value of the impedance detection circuit.

6. The method of claim 1 , wherein providing the electric power to the exhaust aftertreatment system component further comprises selectively activating one or more switches of a switching circuit, wherein the switching circuit electrically couples the exhaust aftertreatment system component and a power supply.

7. A system for monitoring an exhaust aftertreatment system of a vehicle including an internal combustion engine, the system comprising:

a processor; and

a nontransitory computer-readable medium comprising instructions that are executable by the processor, wherein the instructions comprise:

providing electric power to an exhaust aftertreatment system component, wherein the exhaust aftertreatment system component is one of a particulate filter and an electrically heated catalyst;

obtaining an impedance value of the exhaust aftertreatment system component in response to providing the electric power;

determining a structural state of the exhaust aftertreatment system component based on the impedance value, wherein the structural state of the exhaust aftertreatment system component is one of a damaged state and an undamaged state, and wherein the structural state is the damaged state in response to a change of the impedance value over a period of time exceeding a threshold change value; and

in response to the exhaust aftertreatment system component being in the damaged state;

performing a corrective action, wherein the corrective action includes of adjusting an air-to-fuel ratio of exhaust gas flowing through the exhaust aftertreatment system and reducing an engine speed of the internal combustion engine; and

identifying a cause associated with the exhaust aftertreatment system component being in the damaged state based on at least one of an exhaust gas temperature and a vehicle speed, wherein the cause is a vehicle collision in response to a decrease of the vehicle speed occurring during the period of time, and wherein the cause is a thermal shock in response to an increase of the exhaust gas temperature occurring during the period of time.

8. The system of claim 7 , wherein the instructions further comprise determining the exhaust aftertreatment system component is in the damaged state in response to the impedance value being less than an expected impedance value.

9. The system of claim 7 , wherein the instructions further comprise determining the exhaust aftertreatment system component is in the damaged state in response to a change of the impedance value over a period of time exceeding a threshold change value.

10. The system of claim 9 , wherein the instructions further comprise determining the exhaust aftertreatment system component is in the damaged state based on a comparison of the change of the impedance value to at least one of an exhaust flow rate of an exhaust flow of the exhaust aftertreatment system, the air-to-fuel ratio of the exhaust flow, the engine speed, and a vehicle speed.

11. The system of claim 7 , wherein the instructions for obtaining the impedance value of the exhaust aftertreatment system component in response to providing the electric power further comprise:

obtaining an impedance value from an impedance detection circuit in response to providing the electric power, wherein the impedance detection circuit is electrically coupled to the exhaust aftertreatment system component; and

determining the impedance value of the exhaust aftertreatment system component based on the impedance value of the impedance detection circuit.

12. The system of claim 7 , wherein the instructions for providing the electric power to the exhaust aftertreatment system component further comprise selectively activating one or more switches of a switching circuit, and wherein the switching circuit electrically couples the exhaust aftertreatment system component and a power supply.

13. A vehicle including an internal combustion engine, the vehicle comprising:

an exhaust aftertreatment system component, wherein the exhaust aftertreatment system component is one of a particulate filter and an electrically heated catalyst;

a processor; and

a nontransitory computer-readable medium comprising instructions that are executable by the processor, wherein the instructions comprise:

providing electric power to the exhaust aftertreatment system component;

obtaining an impedance value of the exhaust aftertreatment system component in response to providing the electric power;

determining a structural state of the exhaust aftertreatment system component based on the impedance value, wherein the structural state of the exhaust aftertreatment system component is one of a damaged state and an undamaged state, and wherein the structural state is the damaged state in response to a change of the impedance value over a period of time exceeding a threshold change value; and

in response to the exhaust aftertreatment system component being in the damaged state;

performing a corrective action, wherein the corrective action includes at least one of adjusting an air-to-fuel ratio of exhaust gas flowing through the exhaust aftertreatment system and reducing an engine speed of the internal combustion engine; and

identifying a cause associated with the exhaust aftertreatment system component being in the damaged state based on an exhaust gas temperature and a vehicle speed, wherein the cause is a vehicle collision in response to a decrease of the vehicle speed occurring during the period of time, and wherein the cause is a thermal shock in response to an increase of the exhaust gas temperature occurring during the period of time.

14. The vehicle of claim 13 , wherein the instructions further comprise determining the exhaust aftertreatment system component is in the damaged state in response to the impedance value being less than an expected impedance value.

15. The vehicle of claim 13 , wherein the instructions further comprise determining the exhaust aftertreatment system component is in the damaged state in response to a change of the impedance value over a period of time exceeding a threshold change value.

16. The vehicle of claim 15 , wherein the instructions further comprise determining the exhaust aftertreatment system component is in the damaged state based on a comparison of the change of the impedance value to at least one of an exhaust flow rate of an exhaust flow of the exhaust aftertreatment system, the air-to-fuel ratio of the exhaust flow, the engine speed, and a vehicle speed.

17. The vehicle of claim 13 , wherein the instructions for obtaining the impedance value of the exhaust aftertreatment system component in response to providing the electric power further comprise:

obtaining an impedance value from an impedance detection circuit in response to providing the electric power, wherein the impedance detection circuit is electrically coupled to the exhaust aftertreatment system component; and

determining the impedance value of the exhaust aftertreatment system component based on the impedance value of the impedance detection circuit.