Single-use disposable reference sensor
A single-use disposable potentiometric reference sensor includes an insulating base substrate, a reference electrode disposed on the insulating base substrate where the reference electrode is a silver-silver chloride electrode, an internal layer disposed on the reference electrode where the internal layer is an amorphous salt layer that includes an amorphous polysaccharide and a salt having equi-mobility cations and anions, and a semipermeable cover membrane disposed over the internal layer where the semipermeable cover membrane has water vapor and ion permeability.
1. A single-use disposable potentiometric reference sensor comprising:
an insulating base substrate;
an insulating layer disposed over the insulating base substrate, wherein the insulating layer has an opening formed therein which terminates over the insulating base substrate;
a reference electrode at least partially disposed within the opening of the insulating layer over the insulating base substrate;
an internal layer disposed on the reference electrode within the opening of the insulating layer, wherein the internal layer is an amorphous salt layer that includes an amorphous polysaccharide and a salt having equi-mobility cations and anions; and
a semipermeable cover membrane disposed on the internal layer within the opening of the insulating layer such that at least a portion of the semipermeable cover membrane physically contacts the internal layer, wherein the semipermeable cover membrane has water vapor permeability and ion permeability.
2. The single-use disposable potentiometric reference sensor of claim 1 wherein:
the amorphous polysaccharide comprises at least one of pullulan, dextran, and amylose;
the salt comprises at least one of potassium chloride, potassium nitrate, ammonium chloride, and lithium acetate;
the semipermeable cover membrane comprises at least one of a chlorosulfonated polyethylene polymer and a cellulose acetate butyrate polymer;
the amorphous polysaccharide has amorphous properties such that when over saturated with the salt, the amorphous polysaccharide and the salt do not separate when the internal layer is formed; and
the internal layer includes a matrix of the amorphous polysaccharide and the salt having equi-mobility cations and anions.
3. The single-use disposable potentiometric reference sensor of claim 1 , further comprising an electrically conductive layer disposed on the insulating base substrate, wherein the electrically conductive layer is sandwiched between the insulating layer and the insulating base substrate such that the opening reaches the electrically conductive layer but does not reach the insulating base substrate.
4. The single-use disposable potentiometric reference sensor of claim 3 , wherein the reference electrode is disposed on the electrically conductive layer within the opening of the insulating layer.
5. The single-use disposable potentiometric reference sensor of claim 1 wherein the internal layer is disposed on the reference electrode within the opening of the insulating layer such that at least a portion of the internal layer physically contacts the reference electrode.
6. The single-use disposable potentiometric reference sensor of claim 5 wherein:
substantially all of a lower surface of the internal layer physically contacts the reference electrode; and
substantially all of an upper surface of the internal layer physically contacts the semipermeable cover membrane.
7. The single-use disposable potentiometric reference sensor of claim 1 wherein:
the internal layer is disposed directly on the reference electrode such that the internal layer completely covers the reference electrode within confines of the opening formed in the insulating layer; and
the semipermeable cover member is disposed directly on the internal layer such that the semipermeable cover member completely covers the internal layer within confines of the opening formed in the insulating layer.
8. The single-use disposable potentiometric reference sensor of claim 1 wherein:
the internal layer is a hydrophilic, water-soluble polymer layer which includes the amorphous salt layer and is capable of stabilizing all other chemicals in the internal layer and the semipermeable cover membrane to the reference electrode; and
the semipermeable cover membrane is a hydrophobic polymer layer.
9. The single-use disposable potentiometric reference sensor of claim 1 wherein the reference sensor is configured such that a fluid sample interacting with the reference sensor has access to react with the internal layer only through the semipermeable cover membrane.
10. The single-use disposable potentiometric reference sensor of claim 1 wherein the reference electrode, the internal layer, and the semipermeable cover membrane are provided in a stacked arrangement such that a fluid sample is able to contact the semipermeable cover membrane only from a first side of the semipermeable cover membrane which opposes a second side of the semipermeable cover membrane that physically interfaces directly with the internal layer.
11. The single-use disposable potentiometric reference sensor of claim 1 wherein the reference electrode, the internal layer, and the semipermeable cover membrane together constitute a three-layer structure situated within confines of the opening formed in the insulating layer.
12. The single-use disposable potentiometric reference sensor of claim 1 wherein only the reference electrode, the internal layer, and the semipermeable cover membrane occupy the opening formed in the insulating layer.
13. A multi-layer reagent matrix for making a potentiometric reference electrode into a reference sensor, the reagent matrix comprising:
an internal layer formed from an amorphous salt layer mixture containing an amorphous polysaccharide and a salt, the internal layer overlaying the potentiometric reference electrode, wherein the amorphous polysaccharide has amorphous properties such that when over saturated with the salt, the amorphous polysaccharide and the salt do not separate when the internal layer is formed, wherein the internal layer is a mixture of potassium chloride and at least one of pullulan, dextran, and amylose, wherein the amorphous polysaccharide is in a concentration range of about 0.02% w/w to about 7.0% w/w in the internal layer; and
a semipermeable cover membrane formed from a cover membrane solution disposed on the internal layer such that at least a portion of the semipermeable cover membrane physically contacts the internal layer, the cover membrane solution containing a hydrophobic polymer, wherein the hydrophobic polymer is water vapor and ion permeable.
14. The reagent matrix of claim 13 , wherein:
the semipermeable cover membrane comprises at least one of a chlorosulfonated polyethylene polymer and a cellulose acetate butyrate polymer; and
the internal layer formed from the amorphous salt layer mixture contains a matrix of the amorphous polysaccharide and the salt.
15. A method of forming a single-use disposable electrochemical potentiometric reference sensor, the method comprising:
providing a sensor body having:
an insulating base substrate with at least one conductive path;
an insulating and reagent holding layer disposed over the insulating base substrate, wherein the insulating and reagent holding layer has at least one reagent holding opening formed therein, which terminates over the insulating base substrate and exposes a portion of the at least one conductive path; and
a reference electrode at least partially disposed within the at least one reagent holding opening over the insulating base substate;
disposing an amorphous salt layer mixture containing an amorphous polysaccharide and a salt having equi-mobility cations and anions into one of the at least one reagent holding opening on the reference electrode, wherein the amorphous polysaccharide is selected from the group consisting of pullulan, dextran, and amylose;
drying the amorphous salt layer mixture forming an internal layer that is an amorphous structure layer;
disposing a cover membrane solution containing a hydrophobic polymer onto the internal layer; and
drying the cover membrane solution forming a semipermeable cover membrane such that at least a portion of the semipermeable cover membrane physically contacts the internal layer, wherein the semipermeable cover membrane has water vapor permeability and ion permeability.
16. The method of claim 15 further comprising forming the amorphous salt layer mixture comprising:
adding together a plurality of components comprising a predefined amount of the amorphous polysaccharide and a predefined amount of 3M salt solution; and
mixing the plurality of components forming the amorphous salt layer mixture.
17. The method of claim 15 further comprising:
measuring 750 milligrams of the amorphous polysaccharide; and
measuring a volume of 3 milliliters of the 3M salt solution.
18. The method of claim 15 further comprising forming the cover membrane solution comprising:
measuring a predefined amount of the hydrophobic polymer that is one of chlorosulfonated polyethylene polymer or a cellulose acetate butyrate polymer; and
mixing the hydrophobic polymer in a predefined amount of THF/cyclohexanone forming the cover membrane solution.