Methods of refining a grain oil composition to make one or more grain oil products, and related systems
The present disclosure is related to refining one or more grain oil composition streams (e.g., distillers corn oil or syrup) in a biorefinery to provide one or more refined grain oil products, where each grain oil product has targeted amounts of a free fatty acid component and the fatty acid alkyl ester component.
1. A method of refining a grain oil composition to make one or more grain oil products, the method comprising:
a) providing a grain oil composition obtained from a biorefinery, wherein the grain oil composition comprises a free fatty acid component present in an amount of 15 percent or less by weight based on the total weight of the grain oil composition, and wherein the grain oil composition comprises a fatty acid alkyl ester component present in an amount of at least 5 percent by weight based on the total weight of the grain oil composition; and
b) exposing the grain oil composition to temperature and pressure conditions for a time period to evaporate at least a portion of the free fatty acid component from the grain oil composition to form a first grain oil product and a second grain oil product, wherein the first grain oil product has a first concentration of free fatty acid component and the second grain oil product has a second concentration of free fatty acid component, and wherein first concentration of free fatty acid component is less than the second concentration of free fatty acid component.
2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the grain oil composition is provided by:
a) separating thin stillage or syrup derived from thin stillage into an oil/water emulsion and a first aqueous stream;
b) breaking the oil/water emulsion to break the emulsion to form a mixture; and
f) separating the mixture into a second aqueous stream and the grain oil composition.
3. The method of claim 2 , wherein breaking the oil/water emulsion comprises adjusting the pH of the oil/water emulsion to break the emulsion.
4. A defoamer comprising the first grain oil product of claim 1 .
5. A method of making biodiesel, wherein the method comprises mixing the first grain oil product of claim 1 with methanol to make biodiesel.
6. The method of claim 5 , further comprising mixing the first grain oil product with methanol in the presence of a catalyst to make biodiesel.
7. A method of making diesel, wherein the method comprises using the second grain oil product of claim 1 as a feedstock to make diesel via catalytic cracking.
8. The method of claim 1 , wherein the fatty acid alkyl ester component is formed in the biorefinery via one or more enzymes chosen from lipase, esterase, and combinations thereof, wherein the one or more enzymes are endogenous enzymes and/or exogenous enzymes.
9. A method of refining a grain oil composition to make one or more grain oil products, the method comprising:
a) providing a grain oil composition obtained from a biorefinery, wherein the grain oil composition comprises a fatty acid alkyl ester component present in an amount of at least 6 percent by weight based on the total weight of the grain oil composition; and
b) exposing the grain oil composition to temperature and pressure conditions for a time period to evaporate at least a portion of the fatty acid alkyl ester component from the grain oil composition to form a first grain oil product and a second grain oil product, wherein the first grain oil product has a first concentration of fatty acid alkyl ester component and the second grain oil product has a second concentration of fatty acid alkyl ester component, and wherein the first concentration of fatty acid alkyl ester component is less than the second concentration of fatty acid alkyl ester component.
10. The method of claim 9 , wherein the grain oil composition is provided by:
a) separating thin stillage or syrup derived from thin stillage into an oil/water emulsion and a first aqueous stream;
b) breaking the oil/water emulsion to break the emulsion to form a mixture; and
f) separating the mixture into a second aqueous stream and the grain oil composition.
11. The method of claim 10 , wherein breaking the oil/water emulsion comprises adjusting the pH of the oil/water emulsion to break the emulsion.
12. A method of making biodiesel, wherein the method comprises mixing the first grain oil product of claim 9 with methanol to make biodiesel.
13. The method of claim 12 , further comprising mixing the first grain oil product with methanol in the presence of a catalyst to make biodiesel.
14. A method of refining a grain oil composition to make one or more grain oil products, the method comprising:
a) providing a grain oil composition obtained from a biorefinery, wherein the grain oil composition has a fatty acid alkyl ester component having a first fatty acid alkyl ester component concentration;
b) exposing the grain oil composition to temperature and pressure conditions for a time period to evaporate at least a portion of the fatty acid alkyl ester component from the grain oil composition to form a first grain oil product and a second grain oil product, wherein the grain oil composition that does not evaporate while exposing the grain oil composition to the temperature and the pressure conditions is the first grain oil product, wherein the first grain oil product has a second fatty acid alkyl ester component concentration that is less than the first fatty acid alkyl ester component concentration of the grain oil composition, and wherein the first grain oil product is a feedstock to make a final product chosen from defoamer, biodiesel, and combinations thereof.
15. The method of claim 14 , wherein the fatty acid alkyl ester component is formed in the biorefinery via one or more enzymes chosen from lipase, esterase, and combinations thereof, wherein the one or more enzymes are endogenous enzymes and/or exogenous enzymes.
16. The method of claim 14 , wherein the grain oil composition further comprises a free fatty acid component present in an amount of 15 percent or less by weight based on the total weight of the grain oil composition.
17. The method of claim 14 , further comprising condensing evaporated fatty acid alkyl ester component to form a second grain oil product, wherein the second grain oil product has a third fatty acid alkyl ester component concentration that is greater than the first fatty acid alkyl ester component concentration of the grain oil composition, and wherein the second grain oil product is a feedstock to make a final product chosen from diesel via catalytic cracking, defoamer, ultra-low sulfur diesel, asphalt additive, and combinations thereof.
18. A method of refining a grain oil composition to make one or more grain oil products, the method comprising:
a) providing a grain oil composition obtained from a biorefinery, wherein the grain oil composition has a fatty acid alkyl ester component having a first fatty acid alkyl ester component concentration;
b) exposing the grain oil composition to temperature and pressure conditions for a time period to evaporate at least a portion of the fatty acid alkyl ester component from the grain oil composition to form a first grain oil product and a second grain oil product;
c) condensing evaporated fatty acid alkyl ester component to form the second grain oil product, wherein the second grain oil product has a second fatty acid alkyl ester component concentration that is greater than the first fatty acid alkyl ester component concentration of the grain oil composition, and wherein the second grain oil product is a feedstock to make a final product chosen from diesel via catalytic cracking, defoamer, ultra-low sulfur diesel, asphalt additive, and combinations thereof.
19. The method of claim 18 , wherein the fatty acid alkyl ester component is formed in the biorefinery via one or more enzymes chosen from lipase, esterase, and combinations thereof, wherein the one or more enzymes are endogenous enzymes.
20. The method of claim 18 , wherein the fatty acid alkyl ester component is formed in the biorefinery via one or more enzymes chosen from lipase, esterase, and combinations thereof, wherein the one or more enzymes are exogenous enzymes.
21. A method of refining a grain oil composition to make one or more grain oil products, the method comprising:
a) providing a grain oil composition obtained from a biorefinery, wherein the grain oil composition comprises a fatty acid alkyl ester component and a free fatty acid component, wherein the free fatty acid component is present in the grain oil composition in an amount in the range from 0.5 to 9 percent by weight based on the total weight of the grain oil composition; and
b) exposing the grain oil composition to temperature and pressure conditions for a time period to evaporate at least a portion of the fatty acid alkyl ester component from the grain oil composition to form a first grain oil product and a second oil product, wherein the first grain oil product has a first concentration of fatty acid alkyl ester component and the second grain oil product has a second concentration of fatty acid alkyl ester component, and wherein the first concentration of fatty acid alkyl ester component is less than the second concentration of fatty acid alkyl ester component.
22. The method of claim 21 , further comprising using the first grain oil product and/or the second grain oil product as a feedstock to make diesel.
23. The method of claim 21 , wherein the fatty acid alkyl ester component is formed in the biorefinery via one or more enzymes chosen from lipase, esterase, and combinations thereof, wherein the one or more enzymes are endogenous enzymes and/or exogenous enzymes.
24. A defoamer comprising the first grain oil product of claim 21 .