Satellite signal frequency translation and stacking
An outdoor satellite receiving unit (ODU) receives several independent satellite signals, selects two signals with a switch matrix, downconverts the two signals to a bandstacked signal with a high and a low band signal, and outputs the bandstacked signal on the same cable to receiver units. Several satellite signals can be selected in groups of two or more and output to independent receiver units. Signal selecting is performed at the received radio frequency (RF) and bandstacking is performed with a single downconversion step to an intermediate frequency (IF). Channel stacking on the same cable of more than two channels from several satellites can be achieved by using frequency agile downconverters and bandpass filters prior to combining at the IF output. A slow transitioning switch minimizes signal disturbances when switching and maintains input impedance at a constant value.
1. A switch element, comprising:
an internal termination coupled to an impedance of Z;
a first component having a first variable impedance of Z 1 between an input port and the internal termination;
a second component having a second variable impedance of Z 2 between the input port and an output port; and
a control circuit operable to generate a time varying signal configured to simultaneously control the impedances Z 1 and Z 2 , wherein a rate of change of the time varying signal is adjustable to maintain a substantially constant input impedance.
2. The switch element of claim 1 , wherein the switch element is a single pole double throw (SPDT) switch element.
3. The switch element of claim 1 , wherein the input impedance is substantially constant when the switch element is any state, including ON, OFF, and in transition.
4. The switch element of claim 1 , wherein the impedance relationship substantially achieved by the switch control circuit is described by the equation Z 1 +Z 2 =Z 2 and wherein the substantially constant input impedance has an impedance of Z.
5. The switch element of claim 4 , wherein the switch control circuit causes the impedance Z 1 to linearly change with time when the switch element is in transition.
6. The switch element of claim 5 , wherein the switch control circuit causes the impedance Z 2 to hyperbolically change with time when the switch element is in transition.
7. The switch element of claim 4 , wherein the first switch component is a first field-effect transistor (FET) switch and wherein the second switch component is a second FET switch.
8. The switch element of claim 7 , wherein the switch control circuit comprises:
a first digital to analog converter (DAC) coupled to the first FET switch and configured to generate a voltage to control the impedance Z 1 of the first FET switch as a function of time; and
a second DAC coupled to the second FET switch and configured to generate a voltage to control the impedance Z 2 of the second FET switch as a function of time.
9. The switch element of claim 7 , wherein the switch control circuit comprises a linearized transconductance circuit driven by differential sweep signals when the switch element transitions, wherein the differential sweep signals generate complementary control voltages to drive the first FET switch and the second FET switch.
10. A system, comprising:
a switch element, comprising:
an internal termination coupled to an impedance of Z;
a first component having a first variable impedance of Z 1 between an input port and the internal termination;
a second component having a second variable impedance of Z 2 between the input port and an output port; and
a control circuit operable to generate a time varying signal configured to simultaneously control the impedances Z 1 and Z 2 , wherein a rate of change of the time varying signal is adjustable to maintain a substantially constant input impedance.
11. The system of claim 10 , wherein the switch element is a single pole double throw (SPDT) switch element.
12. The system of claim 10 , wherein the input impedance is substantially constant when the switch element is any state, including ON, OFF and in transition.
13. The system of claim 10 , wherein the impedance relationship substantially achieved by the switch control circuit is described by the equation Z 1 +Z 2 =Z 2 and wherein the substantially constant input impedance has an impedance of Z.
14. The system of claim 13 , wherein the switch control circuit causes the impedance Z 1 to linearly change with time when the switch element is in transition.
15. The system of claim 14 , wherein the switch control circuit causes the impedance Z 2 to hyperbolically change with time when the switch element is in transition.
16. The system of claim 13 , wherein the first switch component is a first field-effect transistor (FET) switch and wherein the second switch component is a second FET switch.
17. The system of claim 16 , wherein the switch control circuit comprises:
a first digital to analog converter (DAC) coupled to the first FET switch and configured to generate a voltage to control the impedance Z 1 of the first FET switch as a function of time; and
a second DAC coupled to the second FET switch and configured to generate a voltage to control the impedance Z 2 of the second FET switch as a function of time.
18. The system of claim 16 , wherein the switch control circuit comprises a linearized transconductance circuit driven by differential sweep signals when the switch element transitions, wherein the differential sweep signals generate complementary control voltages to drive the first FET switch and the second FET switch.