Method of curing a cured-in-place liner

1. A method of curing a cured-in-place liner, wherein the method comprises:

(i) placing the cured-in-place liner in a pipe and

(ii) heating the cured-in-place liner,

wherein the cured-in-place liner contains a curable composition comprising:

(a) a resin comprising 4,4′-isopropylidenediphenol-epichlorohydrin copolymer and

(b) one or more curing agents of Formula (I):

wherein A is —CH 2 —;

R is a C 1 -C 3 alkylene chain, wherein the hydroxyl group may be attached to any of the carbon atoms of the alkylene chain;

R 1 and R 2 are each independently hydrogen; and

X is a carboxylate anion,

wherein a ratio of a weight percentage of the resin to a weight percentage of the curing agent or curing agents of formula (I) is from about 12:1 to about 15:1;

(c) a diluent which is a monofunctional epoxide selected from C 12 -C 14 glycidyl ethers;

(d) a filler;

(e) a rheology modifier; and

(f) a defoamer;

wherein said curable composition has a gel time of about 12 to about 24 hours when cured in a cured-in-place liner at 21° C.

2. The method of claim 1 , wherein X is the carboxylate anion of a carboxylic acid comprising from 1 to about 40 carbon atoms.

3. The method of claim 1 , wherein the ratio of the weight percentage of the resin to the weight percentage of the curing agent or curing agents of formula (I) is from about 12:1 to about 14:1.

4. The method of claim 3 , wherein the ratio of the weight percentage of the resin to the weight percentage of the curing agent or curing agents of formula (I) is about 12:1.

5. The method of claim 1 , wherein the composition requires a temperature of at least about 85° C. to begin a curing process.

6. The method of claim 1 , wherein the composition begins a curing process at a temperature of about 60° C. to about 85° C.

7. The method of claim 1 , wherein the composition has a gel time of about 14 hours to about 22 hours at a temperature of 21° C.

8. The method of claim 7 , wherein the composition has a gel time of about 16 hours to about 20 hours at a temperature of 21° C.

9. The method of claim 1 , wherein the curing agent is a carboxylate of an amine selected from N-hydroxypropylpiperidine, N-hydroxymethylpiperidine, N-hydroxyethylpiperidine, and combinations thereof.

10. The method of claim 9 , wherein the carboxylate is a carboxylate anion of an acid selected from tall oil fatty acid (TOFA), oleic acid, acetic acid, propanoic acid, 2-ethylhexanoic acid, decanoic acid, and hexanoic acid, succinic acid, glutaric acid, adipic acid, and pimelic acid.

11. The method of claim 9 , wherein a ratio of a weight percentage of the resin to a weight percentage of the curing agent or curing agents of formula (I) is from 12:1 to 15:1.

12. The method of claim 9 , wherein a ratio of a weight percentage of the resin to a weight percentage of the curing agent or curing agents of formula (I) is from 12:1 to 13:1.

13. The method of claim 9 , wherein the curing agent is a carboxylate of an amine selected from N-hydroxymethylpiperidine, N-hydroxyethylpiperidine, and combinations thereof.

14. The method of claim 13 , wherein a ratio of a weight percentage of the resin to a weight percentage of the curing agent or curing agents of formula (I) is from 12:1 to 13:1.

15. The method of claim 13 , wherein the curing agent is a carboxylate of N-hydroxyethylpiperidine.

16. The method of claim 15 , wherein a ratio of a weight percentage of the resin to a weight percentage of the curing agent or curing agents of formula (I) is from 12:1 to 13:1.

17. The method of claim 15 , wherein the cured-in-place liner is heated to a temperature of at least about 85° C.

18. The method of claim 17 , wherein the cured-in-place liner is heated to a temperature of about 60° C. to about 85° C.

19. The method of claim 1 , wherein the cured-in-place liner is heated to a temperature of at least about 85° C.

20. The method of claim 19 , wherein the cured-in-place liner is heated to a temperature of about 60° C. to about 85° C.